7.19 Abnormal Events Flashcards
What does chapter 5 of the AMM dictate
the checks and inspections required after
an abnormal event has been reported
How many stages are there to a check and why would the next stages be carried out
There’s 2 and the second one is only carried out if the first check shows signs of damage
At what’s heights are lightning strikes more prevalent
5,000 to 15,000 feet
Are long haul or short haul flights more prone to getting struck by lightning
Short haul
What’s does a single bolt of lightning contain in Amps and volts
1 million volts and 30,000
What are stepped ladders
refer to the path of ionized air containing a charge emanating from a charged aircraft or cloud
What causes the wing tips to glow after a lightning
Ionisation of the air surrounding the sharp edges of the aircraft’s structure
What causes ionisation of the air surrounding an aircraft
caused by an increase in the electromagnetic field density at those locations
What happens when a leader from the aircraft reaches a leader from the cloud
A strike to the ground can continue through it and it will become apart of the event
What’s the basic protection aircraft’s have to protect from lightning strikes
All metal structure
What two things does the air rafts exterior structure help protect against
Electro magnetic interference and lightning strikes
What’s the difference between direct and indirect damage from lightning strikes
Direct Damage - Surface is burned, melted or shows signs of metallic distortion at two or more attachment points.
• Indirect Damage - Large electrical transients on the wiring which might cause damage to electrical systems equipment.
What must occur if a lightning strikes caused a system malfunction
A full inspections of that system must be carried out
What size holes are possible if a high intensity lightning strike occurs
1/4 inch hole or greater
What size holes do lighting strikes usually make
1/8 of an inch
Hat can happen in result to an aircraft being struck by lightning
It can become strongly magnetised
What’s does HIRF stand for
High intensity radio frequency
In what year did all aircraft have to comply with HIRF requirements
1992
What effect does the increase in use of none metallic materials in the construction of aircraft have
Reduces basic shielding capabilities against radiation
Why must new aircraft designs be tested against before being certified
To test against electromagnetic penetration
When are phase 1 inspections carried out
when a Hard Landing or a High Drag/Side Load Landing occurs.
When would a phase 2 inspection be carried out
When a phase 1 inspections shows damage
Who decides if a hard landing has occurred and how do they work that out
The pilot by checking the aircraft instruments
What are the two types of damage lightning strikes generally cause and what’s the difference
Indirect and direct
Direct- surface is burnt or melted
Indirect- da,age to electrical systems
How’s severe turbulence identified
Turbulence which causes large changes in altitude and attitude
What section of the AMM are hazardous incidents covered
Chapter 5
What’s the most basic form of protection for an aircraft when subjected to a lightning strike
The all metal external structure
When carrying our inspections for damage caused by lightning strikes what sort of damage will be being looked for
Small circular melt marks, burnt or discoloured skin/rivets
How do authorities ensure aircraft are protected by HIRF
by ensuring they comply with HIRF requirements 1992
What are the main concerns for authorities about HIRF
That due to aircraft’s now being highly reliant on electrics that it can be electromagnetically interfered
That the increasing use of non metals on the aircraft means they didn’t have there shielding capabilities against radiation
What’s happened in regarding new aircraft and modifications with regard to HIRF
They must be tested against electromagnetic penetration and if a problems identified it must be redesigned
When should a phase 2 inspection be carried out with hard landings
When the phase 1 inspection shows damage
If an overweight aircraft has a hard landing what inspections are required
Hard landing inspection and a overweight landing inspection
When would an over limit inspection be carried out
After severe or unusual turbulence
