7.17 Aircraft Handling And Storage

Question 1

What’s used to tow an aircraft that’s on soft ground

Answer 1

A towing bridle which is attached to both front wheels

Question 2

What must be towed in a forward direction only

Answer 2

A tail wheeled aircraft

Question 3

What must be switched on prior to towing an aircraft

Answer 3

The towing light

Question 4

Before towing an aircraft what must be done before so

Answer 4

Permission granted from ATC ( aircraft traffic control )

Question 5

How can stress and tension be relieved on landing gear and tyres after towing

Answer 5

By ensuring the wheels are pointing straight and that they have had at least one full turn

Question 6

What direction should the aircraft be parked if possible

Answer 6

In the direction of the wind

Question 7

Why’s it essential that the aircraft doesn’t turn on a locked wheel

Answer 7

As it may cause deformation and excessive tire wear

Question 8

What’s the speed limits that a aircraft tractor can go with a tow bar attached

Answer 8

25km/h or 15.5mph

Question 9

How fast can an aircraft towing tractor go without a tow bar attached

Answer 9

35km/h or 19.8mph

Question 10

What’s the maximum speed an aircraft can be towed with passenger and cargo doors open

Answer 10

10km/h or 6.21mph

Question 11

What must be added to the towing loads to calculate the maximum taxi weight

Answer 11

Thrust resistance

Question 12

What’s The engine thrust resistance at ground idle

Answer 12

400 Dan per engine

Question 13

What’s the maximum steering angle that nose wheels may be steered by during taxiing

Answer 13

+/- 70 degrees

Question 14

Who has the final decision when towing the aircraft

Answer 14

The person driving the tow vehicle

Question 15

What’s the towing marshal responsible for

Answer 15

For providing the aircraft flight deck with singles that will allow the aircraft to manoeuvre safely

Question 16

How many jacks are generally used when jacking and aircraft and where are they positioned

Answer 16

Three ans usually one positioned towards the front of the fuselage and one under each wing

Question 17

What also used along side jacks if the aircraft is going to be jacked for a longer period of time

Answer 17

A trustle

Question 18

What are bottle jacks generally used for

Answer 18

Wheel changes

Question 19

What are quadrapod jacks and when would they be used

Answer 19

A four legged jack with two fixed and two adjustable legs and they’re used on uneven ground

Question 20

What prevents the collapsing of a jack

Answer 20

The locking collar or pin

Question 21

How is a locking collar released

Answer 21

The jack must be slightly raised to offload the collar

Question 22

Why’s it important to slowly open the oil control valve when lowering a jack

Answer 22

To control the speed of fall

Question 23

Why’s it important that all the legs on a jack are adjusted

Answer 23

So that they all carry equal weight

Question 24

When’s shoring used to hold an aircraft ans why

Answer 24

When the aircraft is subjected to structural stresses and it helps to release loads

Question 25

When’s a rear fuselage support used

Answer 25

To steady the aircraft under specific conditions

Question 26

Why should jacking be carried out inside and if it’s outside how should the aircraft be positioned

Answer 26

Because it cannot be affected by wind inside and if it has to be outside then must be positioned in the direction of the wind

Question 27

If unable to use a bottle jack on a landing gear to replace tires what may be used

Answer 27

A ramp and to be positioned in front of the tyres and then the aircraft can be towed forwards

Question 28

If an aircraft is parked in extremely windy conditions what must be checked

Answer 28

Aircraft stability

Question 29

What can alter the weight that the aircraft is required to be for its parking periods

Answer 29

The weather/wind

Question 30

When an aircraft is going to be stored for a prolonged period of time what precautions must be carried out

Answer 30

All safety locking devices are in That it’s parked in direction of the wind That the flaps and slats and thrust reversers are all retracted That it’s chocked

Question 31

What must be done if protective covers or devices are put on to protect each autos ducts and inlets

Answer 31

A tag must be attached to the captains stick to inform the crew

Question 32

If an aircraft is to be parked for more than 2 days what must be carried out to the fuel tanks, Toilet and water systems, battery

Answer 32

The fuel tanks must be filled to prevent microbiological corrosion Toiler and water systems must be drained Battery must be disconnected

Question 33

At 7-15 days of an aircraft being stored what must be inspected

Answer 33

Any bird nestlings All covers and blanking still fitted Any leaks

Question 34

Why must the aircraft be periodically moved

Answer 34

To prevent brinelling (damaging) of wheel bearings

Question 35

What is recommended if an aircraft is being stored for over 20 months

Answer 35

That the wheels be replaced with old ones

Question 36

After prolonged storage of aircraft what must be done to the APU and engines

Answer 36

Oil systems drained ans replaced with corrosion inhibitors

Question 37

What must be carried out after a month of storage

Answer 37

Regreasing of cargo doors Air con must be turned on to remove moisture Test avionic and ice protection systems

Question 38

What does the octane number in fuel indicate and is it better to have a higher or lower octane number

Answer 38

The fuels ability to resist knocking and higher

Question 39

What temperature does jet a fuel freeze, jet a-1 and jet b fuel

Answer 39

A = -40 A-1= -47 B= -50

Question 40

What’s the identification mark for fuel

Answer 40

Star kinda looking thingy

Question 41

What are the two general refuelling methods

Answer 41

Gravity and pressure

Question 42

Where are filler points located on aircraft that use gravitymp refuelling methods

Answer 42

On top of the wing

Question 43

What pressure is pressure refuelling usually done at

Answer 43

50 psi

Question 44

Why can’t fuel that’s been defueled of another aircraft be reused

Answer 44

To prevent any corrosion or contamination bring passed onto other aircraft

Question 45

How far must no smoking signs be positioned from fuelling equipment

Answer 45

15m

Question 46

How large must a fuelling zone be

Answer 46

6m

Question 47

Where should an aircraft be fuelled and why

Answer 47

Outside to prevent fire risks

Question 48

What fire extinguishers are recommended for feuling

Answer 48

Carbon dioxide or foam

Question 49

How is static electricity build up prevented when reducing or defeulimg

Answer 49

By binding the aircraft to ground and the aircraft to the tanker and the aircraft to the refuel head and the refuel tanker to the ground

Question 50

How must fuel bowsers be positioned and why

Answer 50

Facing away from the aircraft and so that they can be rapidly evacuated if there’s a spill

Question 51

What must be ensured is turned off before refuelling or defuellimg

Answer 51

Any unnecessary electrical power such as radios or radar equipment

Question 52

Why’s it important that ground equipment is moved before refuelling

Answer 52

As the aircraft may get heavier with the weight of the fuel so it may damage the structure as it settles

Question 53

Why should chocks be moved slightly away during refuelling

Answer 53

Because the wheels may expand as a result of added weight meaning that they may get stuck

Question 54

What’s the main danger of glaze ice

Answer 54

That it’s aerodynamic so it allows air to flow over it d due to the weight of this ice can lead to unequal weight loadings on wings and propellor leading to vibrations

Question 55

What’s the most dangerous type of ice on aircraft

Answer 55

Glaze

Question 56

What type of ice can be formed from pack snow and how

Answer 56

Glaze ice and it’s formee by the moisture in the ice

Question 57

What’s the danger of rime ice

Answer 57

May interfere with airflow over wings

Question 58

What’s the issue with hoar frost

Answer 58

If covering windscreen may lead to it being obscured, can afffect airflow and movement of free moving parts like flaps

Question 59

What’s the difference between de icing and anti icing

Answer 59

De icing is the removal of icing and anti acing is the prevention of icing

Question 60

What’s a holdover time (anti icing)

Answer 60

The Time in which anti icing fluid will prevent frost build up/ice

Question 61

When does the holdover time start

Answer 61

The beginning of anti icing treatment

Question 62

What’s the one step de/anti icing

Answer 62

Where anti icing fluid is heated and used to de ice the aircraft and the residue anti icing fluid left on the aircraft gives anti icing protection

Question 63

What’s the two step de/anti icing

Answer 63

When aircraft is de iced and then anti Icing fluid is applied

Question 64

What varies the freezing point of glycol

Answer 64

The amount of water in the mixture

Question 65

What are type 1 fluids

Answer 65

Normally used for de icing and have poor anti icing properties

Question 66

What percentage of type one fluids contain glycol

Answer 66

80%

Question 67

What percentage of volume of glycol is contained within type II or IV fluids

Answer 67

50

Question 68

Why do type II and IV fluids have longer holdover times than type I

Answer 68

Because they’re more viscous

Question 69

What’s the difference between when the holdover time starts for the one step and two step de/anti icing methods

Answer 69

The holdover starts from the start of the de/anti icing process For one step For two step it starts from when the anti icing fluid is applied

Question 70

What type of information must be contained in anti icing code

Answer 70

The type of fluid The percentage of water to fluid The time the de/anti icing began

Question 71

What must aircraft bleed systems be checked for before use

Answer 71

Certificate of serviceability Fire extinguisher

Question 72

What does a dc plug consist of

Answer 72

3 pins one positive , one negative and one Earth pin

Question 73

How many pins does an AC supply socket usually have

Answer 73

6

Question 74

When are hydraulic ground supplies used

Answer 74

When in the hangar as the apu can’t be run inside

Question 75

What must be checked before using a hydraulic ground supplies

Answer 75

That the hydraulic fluid is the same within the ground supply as the one on the plane as it may damage the aircraft is mot

Question 76

What’s important to make sure is in place before working on hydraulically supported equipment

Answer 76

That safety pins are in place

Question 77

What 2things can be done to save time when parking a plane in cold conditions

Answer 77

Park on planking to prevent rather than on ice or snow to prevent tires freezing to the ground Glycol painted around frequently opened doors to prevent from frosting

Question 78

How is the frosting of windows on aircraft prevented

Answer 78

By leaving a window slightly open

Question 79

When an aircraft’s parked in sandy areas what must be done to protect it

Answer 79

Blanks fitted to prevent ingress and erosion Extra filtration of air intakes to prevent sand entering

Question 80

What is knocking

Answer 80

When combustion of air/fuel mixture does not start of correctly in response to ignition to spark plug