10.1 Regulatory Framework Flashcards
What is the purpose of ICAO?
Harmonisation of civil aviation
What does ‘ICAO’ stand for?
International civil aviation organisation
When was ICAO created?
April 4th 1947
Where was ICAO created?
Chicago convention
Who are the members of ICAO?
Countries
What are SARPS
Standard and recommended practices
How does ICAO ensure its regulations are complied with?
As they have no enforcement power they insist members should enforce it in their countries by law - what the NAAs are for
Who created ECAC?
The council and ICAO
What are the strategic priorities of ECAC?
Safety
Security
Environment
What does EASA stand for?
European Aviation Safety Agency
What is a Competent Authority?
National Aviation Authority (NAA)
Which EASA document deals with the management of the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft?
Annex 1 Part-M in continuing airworthiness
Which EASA document is the regulation governing the airworthiness and certification of aircraft and aircraft products?
Annex part-21 Design/Manufacture
What is Legislation?
The creation and implementation of law
What year was the Chicago convention?
1944
What does PICAO stand for?
Provisional International civil aviation organisation
How many countries joined PICAO initially
21
How many countries are in ICAO now?
193
Where is ICAO headquarters?
Montreal
When was ICAO fully ratified?
1947
Who are the executives of the European Union
EU Commission
How many commissioners make up the commission for the EU?
27
Where is the EU headquarters?
Brussels
Who are Annex 1 aircraft regulated by?
Countries law (NAA not EASA) unless outside of EASA then regulated by EASA themselves
What are Member state’s responsible for?
Approving production
Maintenance organisations
Maintenance training organisations
What is a bi-lateral agreement?
A slight deviation of rules which is still agreed
What is the CAA?
Independent body controlling UK aviation
What does CAA stand for?
Civil Aviation Authority
When was CAA established?
1972
What does SARG stand for?
Safety and airspace regulations group
What is a product?
Aircraft engine or propeller
What are parts and appliances?
Instrument, equipment
What is CAP 747?
Mandatory requirements for air worthiness
Where is ECAC located
Paris
Where is EASA’s headquarters
Cologne, Germany
Who did EASA take over from?
JAA in 2009
How many countries and associates are in EASA
27 countries and 4 associates
Where is EASA headquarters
Cologne, Germany
Who produced basic regulations
European Parliament and council
Why was JAAs taken over by EASA
Because JAAs when recommendations so didn’t have any law enforcement
Who made JAA
ECAC European civil aviation conference
What is a hard law?
Set rule that has a consequences if not followd
Who established ECAC when was it founded
European council and ICAO 1955
What is a soft law
Guidance on how to Abide by hard laws 
Who does Initial airworthiness concern?
Manufacturers
What is a ‘large aircraft’ also known as?
Complex motor powered aircraft
What is a CAT
Licensed air carrier
Who has access to national databases
EASA and member states
Two types of reporting systems
Mandatory and voluntary
What is CAP 747
Mandatory requirements for air worthiness
What’s the difference between products, parts and appliances
Products - engines and propellers
Parts - everything else
What’s a BCAR
-British civil aviation requirements
-documents produced by CAA in terms of Caps
- Expand ANO requirements
-Lay down minimum standards of air worthiness
What’s an ANO
Air navigation order, a legal document
What does SARG stand for
Safety and regulation group
What does EASA stand for
European aviation safety authority
Role of EASA member
Provide expertise
Issue individual airworthiness certificates
What do the CAA release upon an incident
AD (airworthiness directive)
What do the CA release upon an incident
AD (airworthiness directive)
What do manufacturers have to release following a occurrence report
Service bulletin
Who issues approvals of part 145 business if they’re outside Europe
EASA
What’s a MOE
Maintenance organisation exposition
What type of license is required in base maintenance to realise an aircraft to service
C-license to sign off aircraft
What of percentage of staff must be permanent
50%
What’s requirements of certifying staff
Must hold relevant license, over 21, have adequate understanding of aircraft, hold type rating for that aircraft
How often should continuation training be taken out in order to retain authorisation
Every 2 years
How long must a part 145 retain info of staff for after they’ve left
3 years
All components are classified and segregated into categories, what are they?
Unsalvageable
Satisfactory
Unserviceable
What are the sections within stores, what’s contained in each?
Bonded and quarantine
What are scrapped parts that re-enter the system called (fake parts)
Bogus parts
If an aircraft is grounded with no suitable components available to replace faulty ones with, what’s the time frame in which them parts can be authorised for use before the replacement becomes mandatory
30 flight hours
How long must organisations retain info on maintenance records
3 years after release dates
If any documents entailing maintenance records are lost or damaged how can they be reconstructed
Reconstructed using mechanics own records but have to be approved my NAA
Within occurrence reporting who must be alerted
Manufacturers, owners, CA
What must every part 145 company have (staff)
A quality control unit
How often should audits be taken out?
12 months
How long should audit records be obtained for from end of audit
Up to 2 years after audit is completed
What’s an MOE, How does it relate to audits
Maintenance organisation exposition , it is used in audits to see if the company is complying with what they stated within there MOE
How many parts are contained within an MOE
8
Difference between direct and indirect amendment in MOE
Indirect is small changes such as spelling mistakes whereas direct are large changes that require approval from the CA
How many countries where invited to the Chicago convention and how many attended
55 invited
54 attended
How many countries where invited to the Chicago convention and how many attended
55 invited
54 attended
How many countries signed the Chicago convention
52
How many countries are in ICAO today
193
What does ICAO form
Forms minimum standards and procedures
Is ICAO part of the UN
Yes
Where is the UN headquarters
Montreal Canada
Who developed SARPS and what are they
ICAO did. They are Standards and recommended practises
How many SARPS are there
12,000 which formed into 19 annexes
Does ICAO have executive power
No, each members must install the recommendations as law in there country to be apart of ICAO
What’s is the European Commission
It’s the executive of the EU
What does the European Commission do
It initiates and enforces law within the EU - managing EU policies
How many commissioners are in the European Commission
27, from each member state
Where is the European Commission headquarters
Brussels, Belgium
How do you become a commissioner
Each member state nominates a commissioner which has to be approved by parliament
Do commissioners represent their own member state
No, they have their own field of responsibility - to avoid bias
What does the commission function
Legislation
Upholding EU law
policy
Representation
How many times does the commission meet
Once a week. Decision taken by a majority vote
What are member states responsible for
Approving production
Maintenance organisations
Training organisations
Airworthiness certificates
What is NAA
National aviation authorities
What laws do NAAs use
EASAs
What can’t member states do
Issue their own rules
Deviate from common rules
Impose extra requirements to EASA or arrangements with third countries
What is NAA referred to
Competent authority as it is permitted to issue authorisation on behalf of EASA
What’s must NAAs do to have a relationship with EASA
The countries NAA must meet the requirements lay down my EASA to obtain licenses and authorisations
What is the Civial aviation act
In 1949 it laid down the required by ICAO in the UK - by CAP393
When was the CAA set up
1972
What is SARG
Safety and airspace regulation group
What’s do SARGs do
They are surveyors and complete audits to make sure organisations remain in compliance with regulations
What is BCARs
British civil airworthiness requirements
What’s do BCARs do
Produced by the CAA they expand on Air naviagation orders (ANO)
Laying down minimum standards for airworthiness
What is a product compared to a parts and appliances
Product - engine, propellant
Parts/ appliances - instrument, equipment, parts
What’s is CAP 747
Mandatory requirements for airworthiness
What is ECAC and where is it located
European civil aviation conference and located in Paris
How was ECAC established and when
By council of Europe and assisted by ICAO. In 1955
What’s the function of the commission
-upholding eu law
-legislation
-policy
-representing
What’s the function of the commission
-upholding eu law
-legislation
-policy
-representing
Role of member states
Responsible for approving production, maintenance and maintenance training
What’s the role of member states
Approving production, maintenance and maintenance training orgs
What’s ANO also known as
CAP 393
What was the process of EASA being created
ECAC created JAA which harmonised standards in Europe
Then JAA created JARs (JOINT aviation requirements) which copied FAA regulations - but not law
So
In 2002 EU parliamentary and council of Europe created law making body for safety standards - EASA
Where is EASAs headquarters
Cologne Germany
How many countries in EASA
27 eu and 4 associated countries
What’s the purpose of EASA
to set safety standards of law in EU member states
Ho created JAA
ECAC
Ho created JAA
ECAC
What are implementing rules
Hard law - have to be followed
What is AMC and GM
Acceptable means of compliance- soft law
Guidance material - soft law
When was basic regulation created
2002-2003
What are the three levels of regulations
Basic regulation - adopted by European Parliament and council
Implementing rules - binding (hard law) to specify high level of safety. Adopted by commission
Acceptable means of compliance - soft law. Non binding. Then GM expands further on the requirements
What’s found within section A and B of annex
Technical requirements and competent authorities procedures in order to enforce they do these technical requirements
What’s is the Annex for initial airworthiness and what does it regulate
Part -21
Regulations to be met by organisations who carry out production of aircraft’s
Also need a certification specification (cs)
What’s is the annex for conditioned airworthiness
Part - m which has to be in accordance with part- 145 part-147 part-66 part and a few others
If a country inside of the eu wishes to access the info stored within the European central repository who must they request access from?
If a countries outside the EU who must they request access from ?
The member state
The commision
What parts are annex’s didvied into
Part A - requirements an organisation/ individual must follow
Part B - producers NAAs must follow to regulate organisations
/ individuals
What is air ops
Regulations airline operators have to comply with. With not be given acceptance unless in accordance with part 145
Part 145/66
To gain a part 66 they must be able to prove a certain amount of experts once which is gained at a 145
Part 66/ part 147
Lays down the criteria for obtaining a licence. Exams etc
Part 145/part M
145 is the operation of organisation and part M is the conditioned airworthiness
Part 145/ part 21
The certification concerned with new components
What are the two types of reporting systems
Mandatory and voluntary
Where does the competent authority store information on reports
In one or more data bases
Where does the national authority store occurrence data
In the national database
What is a type certificate and who gets it?
A tested aircraft that is safe to fly
Manufacturer gets it
What is a type certificate and who gets it?
A tested aircraft that is safe to fly
Manufacturer gets it
What is an appendix 3?
Part 66
What is a certificate of airworthiness and who gets it?
A certificate for the new owner when a manufacturer sells to someone
Proves the aircraft is safe to fly
What is scope?
Establishes rights and obligations of the holders
What is CS-25?
Large aircraft
What is CA-23?
Small aircraft
Who issues airworthiness codes?
EASA
What is the application effective time period for a large plane/helicopter?
5 years
What is the application effective time period for other types of aircraft’s?
3 years
What are SARG workers known as
Auditors
