70s - Social Changes

Question 1

When was the first International Women’s Day?

Answer 1

1977.

Question 2

What did the Women’s Liberation Groups disrupt in 1970?

Answer 2

The Miss World beauty pageant - they argued it objectified women.

Question 3

What did the Women’s Liberation Groups organise in March 1971?

Answer 3

Demonstrations in London and Liverpool demanding equal pay and free 24hr nurseries.

Question 4

What were the two conflicting Feminist ideologies?

Answer 4

Radical and Socialist

Question 5

What were the Radical Feminists beliefs?

Answer 5

They believed they were oppressed by the patriarchy and campaigned for their own reproductive rights.

Question 6

What were the Socialist Feminists beliefs?

Answer 6

They believed in equality and wanted financial independence.

Question 7

When did the Contraceptive Pill become widely available on the NHS?

Answer 7

1971

Question 8

When was the Rape Crisis Centre opened?

Answer 8

1976.

Question 9

When was the Domestic Violence Act?

Answer 9

1976 - made the process of taking the offender to court easier.

Question 10

What was the aim of the Sex Discrimination Act?

Answer 10

To end discrimination against men or women based off of gender or marital status.
To ensure equality in employment and education and outlaw harassment.

Question 11

What was the Equality in Opportunities Commission?

Answer 11

To oversee the Sex Discrimination Act and Equal Pay Act were being adequately enforced. They only conducted 9 actual investigations and only 10% of the 700+ claims were successful.

Question 12

What was the Employment Protection Act?

Answer 12

Introduced paid maternity leave and outlawed dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy.

Question 13

What was the TUs stance on females in the workplace?

Answer 13

They were still majority male, and believed too many female workers would bring down the average salary.

Question 14

What was the increase of female wages in relation to male wages in 1977?

Answer 14

Increased to 70% of the male wage.

Question 15

What was the 1971 Immigration Act?

Answer 15

Any immigrant must have a guaranteed job and at least one grandparent born in the UK.

Question 16

By which year were there 1 million immigrants in the UK?

Answer 16

1974.

Question 17

In what way were immigrants disproportionally represented in London?

Answer 17

There were only 10 non-white councillors in London, out of over 100.

Question 18

What was the 1976 Race Relations Act?

Answer 18

Outlawed discrimination in any area based on race.

Question 19

How popular did the National Front become during this time period?

Answer 19

20,000 members by 1976 - Britain’s 4th largest political party.

Question 20

What was impact of the Trades Council of East London?

Answer 20

They gave details of over 100 racially motivated incidents and 2 murders from 1976-78.

Question 21

What was the Rock against Racism concert?

Answer 21

A concert in Trafalgar Square in 1978 which attracted 100,000 people. This was intended to show that the rock music industry do not condone racism in any form.

Question 22

In 1976 how many ethnic police officers were there?

Answer 22

70 out of 22,000.

Question 23

What was the 1976 Notting Hill Carnival riot?

Answer 23

In response to an incident of police brutality an anti-police riot broke out. Over 300 were injured.

Question 24

Who was Blair Peach?

Answer 24

A man killed in 1979 during an anti-Nazi League demonstration by the police.

Question 25

When was Viv Anderson selected for England Football?

Answer 25

1978.

Question 26

By the end of the 1970s how had race relations changed?

Answer 26

Reggae and Ska became popular music and the authorities had a more multicultural approach, however popular opinion hadn’t largely changed.

Question 27

When did Punk start and what themes did it contain.

Answer 27

1976 with the arrival of the Sx Pistols, the Clash and the Buzzcocks - had largely nihilistic themes. It reflected the social alienation that youths often faced.

Question 28

What was the image of punks at this time?

Answer 28

bondage gear, pins, spikes, dyed hair and leather.

Question 29

What was the controversial Sex Pistols song in 1977

Answer 29

God Save the Queen - reached no2 on the charts.

Question 30

Which group came out of Mod culture?

Answer 30

Skinheads - came out of the working class and were influenced by Jamaican music and culture.

Question 31

Which two groups did the Skinheads become associated with?

Answer 31

the National Front and football hooliganism.

Question 32

What were environmentalists largely concerned about in the 1970s?

Answer 32

Industrial pollution, wildlife conservation, organic farming and the dangers from nuclear energy.

Question 33

What was the term ‘ecology’ coined in reference to?

Answer 33

The health of the environment.

Question 34

What was the 1962 book that shows the decline in wildlife in the farming countryside.

Answer 34

Silent Spring by biologist Rachel Carson.

Question 35

What was the 1968 book that dramatised the threats of overpopulation?

Answer 35

Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich.

Question 36

What was 1970 and 1971, in an environmental context?

Answer 36

1970 - The year of European Conservation
1971 - Friends of the Earth.

Question 37

What was the new form of CND and what was this spurred on by?

Answer 37

Anti-nuclear power plants because of long-term dangers and accidents.
The partial nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island NYC in 1979 increased anxiety around this.

Question 38

When was Greenpeace founded and why?

Answer 38

In 1979 in Canada as an anti-whaling group.

Question 39

What was the public outrage in 1975 caused by?

Answer 39

Beagles in labs being forced to smoke 30 cigarettes a day for science. Violent attacks were carried out and the Animal Liberation Front sent prominent politicians including Thatcher letter bombs.

Question 40

What show in 1979 spread awareness of the issue?

Answer 40

David Attenborough’s Life on Earth.

Question 41

What did Teddy Goldsmith public in 1972 which took large hold?

Answer 41

A Blueprint for Survival - advocated self-sufficiency and the advantages of a de-industrialised society.

Question 42

In the 1979 General Election, how many candidates did the Ecology Party have?

Answer 42

53