70s - Social Changes Flashcards
When was the first International Women’s Day?
1977.
What did the Women’s Liberation Groups disrupt in 1970?
The Miss World beauty pageant - they argued it objectified women.
What did the Women’s Liberation Groups organise in March 1971?
Demonstrations in London and Liverpool demanding equal pay and free 24hr nurseries.
What were the two conflicting Feminist ideologies?
Radical and Socialist
What were the Radical Feminists beliefs?
They believed they were oppressed by the patriarchy and campaigned for their own reproductive rights.
What were the Socialist Feminists beliefs?
They believed in equality and wanted financial independence.
When did the Contraceptive Pill become widely available on the NHS?
1971
When was the Rape Crisis Centre opened?
1976.
When was the Domestic Violence Act?
1976 - made the process of taking the offender to court easier.
What was the aim of the Sex Discrimination Act?
To end discrimination against men or women based off of gender or marital status.
To ensure equality in employment and education and outlaw harassment.
What was the Equality in Opportunities Commission?
To oversee the Sex Discrimination Act and Equal Pay Act were being adequately enforced. They only conducted 9 actual investigations and only 10% of the 700+ claims were successful.
What was the Employment Protection Act?
Introduced paid maternity leave and outlawed dismissal on the grounds of pregnancy.
What was the TUs stance on females in the workplace?
They were still majority male, and believed too many female workers would bring down the average salary.
What was the increase of female wages in relation to male wages in 1977?
Increased to 70% of the male wage.
What was the 1971 Immigration Act?
Any immigrant must have a guaranteed job and at least one grandparent born in the UK.
By which year were there 1 million immigrants in the UK?
1974.
In what way were immigrants disproportionally represented in London?
There were only 10 non-white councillors in London, out of over 100.
What was the 1976 Race Relations Act?
Outlawed discrimination in any area based on race.
How popular did the National Front become during this time period?
20,000 members by 1976 - Britain’s 4th largest political party.
What was impact of the Trades Council of East London?
They gave details of over 100 racially motivated incidents and 2 murders from 1976-78.
What was the Rock against Racism concert?
A concert in Trafalgar Square in 1978 which attracted 100,000 people. This was intended to show that the rock music industry do not condone racism in any form.
In 1976 how many ethnic police officers were there?
70 out of 22,000.
What was the 1976 Notting Hill Carnival riot?
In response to an incident of police brutality an anti-police riot broke out. Over 300 were injured.
Who was Blair Peach?
A man killed in 1979 during an anti-Nazi League demonstration by the police.
When was Viv Anderson selected for England Football?
1978.
By the end of the 1970s how had race relations changed?
Reggae and Ska became popular music and the authorities had a more multicultural approach, however popular opinion hadn’t largely changed.
When did Punk start and what themes did it contain.
1976 with the arrival of the Sx Pistols, the Clash and the Buzzcocks - had largely nihilistic themes. It reflected the social alienation that youths often faced.
What was the image of punks at this time?
bondage gear, pins, spikes, dyed hair and leather.
What was the controversial Sex Pistols song in 1977
God Save the Queen - reached no2 on the charts.
Which group came out of Mod culture?
Skinheads - came out of the working class and were influenced by Jamaican music and culture.
Which two groups did the Skinheads become associated with?
the National Front and football hooliganism.
What were environmentalists largely concerned about in the 1970s?
Industrial pollution, wildlife conservation, organic farming and the dangers from nuclear energy.
What was the term ‘ecology’ coined in reference to?
The health of the environment.
What was the 1962 book that shows the decline in wildlife in the farming countryside.
Silent Spring by biologist Rachel Carson.
What was the 1968 book that dramatised the threats of overpopulation?
Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich.
What was 1970 and 1971, in an environmental context?
1970 - The year of European Conservation
1971 - Friends of the Earth.
What was the new form of CND and what was this spurred on by?
Anti-nuclear power plants because of long-term dangers and accidents.
The partial nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island NYC in 1979 increased anxiety around this.
When was Greenpeace founded and why?
In 1979 in Canada as an anti-whaling group.
What was the public outrage in 1975 caused by?
Beagles in labs being forced to smoke 30 cigarettes a day for science. Violent attacks were carried out and the Animal Liberation Front sent prominent politicians including Thatcher letter bombs.
What show in 1979 spread awareness of the issue?
David Attenborough’s Life on Earth.
What did Teddy Goldsmith public in 1972 which took large hold?
A Blueprint for Survival - advocated self-sufficiency and the advantages of a de-industrialised society.
In the 1979 General Election, how many candidates did the Ecology Party have?
53
