(7) Values Flashcards
What are values?
What is important to people in their lives, basic motivation
What are some Background variables of values?
age, education, culture
What are some Attitudes of values?
towards political and policy issues
What are some Preferences of values?
political, university major, group identification
What are some Behaviours of values?
political, environmental, health, delinquency, alcohol use
What is the bleed over effect?
Adjacent values in the circle have similar relations to any attitude or behaviour
What did Dollinger and Kobayshi, 2003 find?
problematic alcohol use positively related both to hedonism and stimulation values
What is the seesaw effect?
An attitude or behaviour that positively relates to one value is often negatively related to the conflicting values
What did Knafo et al., 2008 find?
Adolescents’ self-reported violence positively related to power values and negatively to universalism values
What did Schwartz, 2005 find?
Correlations between Values and Education
What was Pakizeh, Gebauer & Mario, 2007 methodology?
- Complete value questionnaire
- Rate importance of one value
- Rate importance of another value (measure response time)
What did Pakizeh, Gebauer & Mario, 2007 find?
Faster ratings if second value appeared after value based on a similar or conflicting motivation, effect was not due to content similarity
What was Schwart’s SVS (1992) include?
List of values, rate how important is (1-7)
- EQUALITY (equal opportunity for all)
- SUCCESSFUL (achieving goals)
What is a PVQ (Schwartz et al., 1999)
Rating statements from 1-9 and how much you agree with them
The Schwartz Value Best Worst Survey task (SVBWS; Lee, Soutar & Louviere, 2008)
For each subset of value types, respondents are asked to pick the most and least important values that guide their lives.
What are the 3 most important values in the UK (2006/7)
- Benevolence
- Universalism
- Self-direction
What did Schwartz and Rubel, 2005 find out about women’s values?
Women are more involved in benevolence and universalism
What did Schwartz and Rubel, 2005 find out about Mens values?
Men will value self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, pleasure, achievement and power
What are sex differences caused by?
Evolution
What did Bardi and Schwartz, 2003 find?
Correlations between values and behaviour that express self-direction values
What two values were strongest? Bardi and Schwartz, 2003
Tradition and stimulation: strongest
What two values were weakest? Bardi and Schwartz, 2003
Conformity and benevolence: weakest
Bardi, Buchanan, Goodwin, Slabu and Robinson 2014 found what subject valued power?
Power was valued higher among psychology students compared to business students
What did Boer et al, 2011 find?
people are more attracted to those with similar music taste partly b/c they think they share the same values (online survey)
What did Boer et al, 2011 find in real life?
Also found in real life: roommates with similar music taste, perceived value similarity & liked each other more.
What did Doring, Makarova, Herzog and Bardi, 2017 find?
Similarities to parents and children values, those who value self-transcendence they form closer relationships with their children
