(3) Freud

Question 1

What is the The seduction theory?

Answer 1

child sexual abuse seen as origin of neurosis

Question 2

What is repression?

Answer 2

the act of putting traumatic thoughts and feelings in unconscious

Question 3

What is the role of the unconscious?

Answer 3

Can’t deal with issues day to day, pushes down into unconscious to deal with daily life, trauma and pain

Question 4

What did Freud suggest mainfestation in dreams meant?

Answer 4

able to recall dreams, surface level

Question 5

What did Freud suggest latent content in dreams meant?

Answer 5

the actual meaning behind a dream

Question 6

What is the libido?

Answer 6

Children born with a fixed amount of mental energy

Question 7

What is the Thanatos?

Answer 7

the death instinct

Question 8

What are the fixations at the oral stage?

Answer 8

eating disorder, smoking or alcoholism

Question 9

What are the fixations at the anal stage?

Answer 9

stingy, obsessive-compulsive (anally retentive) or totally disorganised (anally expulsive)

Question 10

What are the fixations at the phallic stage?

Answer 10

problems maintaining long term stable relationships

Question 11

When does the oedipus complex occur?

Answer 11

The phallic stage

Question 12

What is the female version of the oedipus complex?

Answer 12

The electra complex

Question 13

What are the fixations at the latency stage?

Answer 13

non- acquisition of self-confidence and self-esteem needed for social interaction

Question 14

Freud believed at what age is an adult personality formed?

Answer 14

5 years

Question 15

What is the id?

Answer 15

pleasure principle, primary process thinking – irrational thinking, avoid hunger and pain

Question 16

What is the ego?

Answer 16

reality principle, secondary process thinking – rational thought, what is happening around you, using words to demand and ask for things

Question 17

What is the superego?

Answer 17

moral imperative, what is right and what is wrong

Question 18

What are the purpose of defence mechanisms?

Answer 18

Protects our self-esteem, keeps upsetting things in our unconscious

Question 19

When do defence mechanisms develop?

Answer 19

Latency stage

Question 20

What is projection?

Answer 20

Blaming others for our shortcomings, we externalise unacceptable feelings and then attribute them to others

Question 21

What is reaction formation?

Answer 21

Use this defence to overcome impulses that are unacceptable to us, and to gain control, exaggerates tendencies that are the complete opposite

Question 22

What is sublimation?

Answer 22

Instinctual drives are diverted from their original aim and channelled into something socially desirable

Question 23

What is regression?

Answer 23

Where individuals regress to is determined by the existence of fixation points in their development

Question 24

What is Psychoanalytic therapy?

Answer 24

involves free association, transference, counter-transference, awareness of defences (insight) and other processes

Question 25

What is Counter transference?

Answer 25

both therapist and patient work together

Question 26

How does Rycroft (1958, 1985) criticise Freud?

Answer 26

discusses the functions of words in psychoanalysis, which he says as a linguistic translation exercise, not a testable theory

Question 27

What are the key criticisms of Freud's theory?

Answer 27

Psychosexual development is vague, psychosexual drives overly stressed in development, untestable

Question 28

What is wrong with Lab experiments?

Answer 28

unrealistic, and – (when on animals) inappropriate

Question 29

What is wrong with Questionnaires?

Answer 29

constrain answers; – recall errors, social desirability errors, but improving methodology

Question 30

What is wrong with Observational studies?

Answer 30

uncontrolled, unquantified, but of increasing value as sophistication and worth of qualitative methodologies have improved.

Question 31

What did Blum and Miller (1952) research?

Answer 31

To test whether measures of oral behaviour correlated with measures of oral personality/character

Question 32

What did Blum and Miller (1952) find?

Answer 32

Some hypotheses regarding orality and personality were confirmed, notably with respect to those personality features listed on the previous slide, however overall results were equivocal

Question 33

What did Fisher and Greenberg, 1996 find?

Answer 33

support the concepts of oral and anal personalities but not Oedipal and Electra complex

Question 34

What did Hunt, 1979 find?

Answer 34

No evidence of toilet-training practices on development of anal characteristics

Question 35

What did Newman et al., 1997 support?

Answer 35

The idea of projection

Question 36

What did Solms (1997) find?

Answer 36

outlines research on the neuropsychology of dreaming, showing that activation of instinctual and emotional mechanisms in the centre of the brain initiate dreaming

Question 37

What did Panksepp (1999) find?

Answer 37

Found an area of the brain that initiates goal-seeking behaviour, involved in dreaming