(3) Freud Flashcards
What is the The seduction theory?
child sexual abuse seen as origin of neurosis
What is repression?
the act of putting traumatic thoughts and feelings in unconscious
What is the role of the unconscious?
Can’t deal with issues day to day, pushes down into unconscious to deal with daily life, trauma and pain
What did Freud suggest mainfestation in dreams meant?
able to recall dreams, surface level
What did Freud suggest latent content in dreams meant?
the actual meaning behind a dream
What is the libido?
Children born with a fixed amount of mental energy
What is the Thanatos?
the death instinct
What are the fixations at the oral stage?
eating disorder, smoking or alcoholism
What are the fixations at the anal stage?
stingy, obsessive-compulsive (anally retentive) or totally disorganised (anally expulsive)
What are the fixations at the phallic stage?
problems maintaining long term stable relationships
When does the oedipus complex occur?
The phallic stage
What is the female version of the oedipus complex?
The electra complex
What are the fixations at the latency stage?
non- acquisition of self-confidence and self-esteem needed for social interaction
Freud believed at what age is an adult personality formed?
5 years
What is the id?
pleasure principle, primary process thinking – irrational thinking, avoid hunger and pain
What is the ego?
reality principle, secondary process thinking – rational thought, what is happening around you, using words to demand and ask for things
What is the superego?
moral imperative, what is right and what is wrong
What are the purpose of defence mechanisms?
Protects our self-esteem, keeps upsetting things in our unconscious
When do defence mechanisms develop?
Latency stage
What is projection?
Blaming others for our shortcomings, we externalise unacceptable feelings and then attribute them to others
What is reaction formation?
Use this defence to overcome impulses that are unacceptable to us, and to gain control, exaggerates tendencies that are the complete opposite
What is sublimation?
Instinctual drives are diverted from their original aim and channelled into something socially desirable
What is regression?
Where individuals regress to is determined by the existence of fixation points in their development
What is Psychoanalytic therapy?
involves free association, transference, counter-transference, awareness of defences (insight) and other processes
What is Counter transference?
both therapist and patient work together
How does Rycroft (1958, 1985) criticise Freud?
discusses the functions of words in psychoanalysis, which he says as a linguistic translation exercise, not a testable theory
What are the key criticisms of Freud’s theory?
Psychosexual development is vague, psychosexual drives overly stressed in development, untestable
What is wrong with Lab experiments?
unrealistic, and – (when on animals) inappropriate
What is wrong with Questionnaires?
constrain answers; – recall errors, social desirability errors, but improving methodology
What is wrong with Observational studies?
uncontrolled, unquantified, but of increasing value as sophistication and worth of qualitative methodologies have improved.
What did Blum and Miller (1952) research?
To test whether measures of oral behaviour correlated with measures of oral personality/character
What did Blum and Miller (1952) find?
Some hypotheses regarding orality and personality were confirmed, notably with respect to those personality features listed on the previous slide, however overall results were equivocal
What did Fisher and Greenberg, 1996 find?
support the concepts of oral and anal personalities but not Oedipal and Electra complex
What did Hunt, 1979 find?
No evidence of toilet-training practices on development of anal characteristics
What did Newman et al., 1997 support?
The idea of projection
What did Solms (1997) find?
outlines research on the neuropsychology of dreaming, showing that activation of instinctual and emotional mechanisms in the centre of the brain initiate dreaming
What did Panksepp (1999) find?
Found an area of the brain that initiates goal-seeking behaviour, involved in dreaming
