7: Talking and Listening

Question 1

6 main reasons why people communicate with each other, according to Rebecca Rubin - control, relaxation, escape, inclusion, affection, and pleasure

Answer 1

communication motives

Question 2

inherent reasons for communicating - physical health, building identity, social relationships, practical reasons

Answer 2

communication needs

Question 3

a joint activity in which two or more participants use linguistic forms and nonverbal signals to communicate interactively

Answer 3

conversation

Question 4

passive physiological activity where an individual perceives sound by detecting vibrations through an ear

Answer 4

hearing

Question 5

concept that we build trust in our interpersonal relationships as we self-disclose revealing information about ourselves, and we learn more about ourselves as we receive feedback from the people with whom we are interacting - represented by four panes

Answer 5

Johari Window

Question 6

active process of focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of hearing and understanding the meanings expressed by an individual

Answer 6

listening

Question 7

process of purposefully communicating information about one’s self - permitting one’s “true self” to be known to others

Answer 7

self-disclosure

Question 8

theory that relationships begin when individuals share non-intimate layers and move to more intimate layers of personal information - orientation stage, exploratory affective stage, affective stage, and stable stage

Answer 8

social penetration theory

Question 9

conversation where an individual is talking at the other person and not with the other person - other person is passive receiver

Answer 9

one-way conversation

Question 10

conversation marked by a mutual interest in what all parties within the conversation have to contribute

Answer 10

cooperative conversation

Question 11

conversation in which individuals are more concerned with their points of view than others within the conversation

Answer 11

competitive conversation

Question 12

one-way cooperative conversation - sender transmitting information to the receiver

Answer 12

discourse

Question 13

two-way cooperative conversation - participants exchange information and build relationships with each other

Answer 13

dialogue

Question 14

two-way competitive conversation - less about information giving and more about persuading, ultimate goal is to change the other person’s perspective

Answer 14

debate

Question 15

one-way competitive conversation - to express emotions, browbeat those that disagree with you, and/or inspire those that share the same perspective

Answer 15

diatribe

Question 16

examining what happens when an individual within an interpersonal interaction violates the norms for that interaction

Answer 16

expectancy violation theory (EVT)

Question 17

the attempt to generate as favorable an impression of ourselves as possible, particularly through both verbal and nonverbal techniques of self-presentation

Answer 17

impression management

Question 18

form of impression management involving talking about our own characteristics and accomplishments

Answer 18

self-descriptions

Question 19

form of impression management involving explanations to downplay negative assumptions about ourselves, excuse/justify incidents, or minimize severity of a predicament

Answer 19

accounts

Question 20

form of impression management involving admitting you have done something wrong while trying to convince the other person that the undesirable event is not a fair representation of what you’re “really like”, downplaying severity of outcome

Answer 20

apologies

Question 21

form of impression management designed to explain a desirable event in a way that maximizes the desirable implications for the actor, exaggerate the positive implications of your actions

Answer 21

entitlements and enhancements

Question 22

form of impression management involving use of compliments to get the other individual to view you positively

Answer 22

flattery

Question 23

form of impression management involving doing something kind or desirable for someone to gain that person’s approval

Answer 23

favors

Question 24

first quadrant of Johari Window - information known to both ourselves and others

Answer 24

open self

Question 25

second quadrant of Johari Window - information known to ourselves but not to others, kept hidden

Answer 25

hidden self

Question 26

third quadrant of Johari Window - information we don't know about ourselves that is known to other people, based on their perceptions

Answer 26

blind self

Question 27

fourth quadrant of Johari Window - information about ourselves that is not known by either ourselves or others

Answer 27

unknown self

Question 28

careful, systematic thinking and reasoning to see whether a message makes sense in light of factual evidence

Answer 28

critical listening

Question 29

Judi Brownell's model of listening - hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding

Answer 29

HURIER

Question 30

ability to break down and decode a message into comprehensible meanings

Answer 30

understanding

Question 31

paying attention to all of the various speaker and contextual variables that provide a background for accurately perceiving messages

Answer 31

interpreting

Question 32

scale describing degree of intimacy and interpersonal significance within communication roles - It/You/Thou

Answer 32

communication continuum