7 T Cell Effector Mechanisms

Question 1

What is different about an armed effector T cell?

Answer 1

No costimulation needed for action

New adhesion molecules expressed

Question 2

What are the new adhesion molecules of effector T cells?

Answer 2

CD44: binds ECMatrix hyluronic acid
LFA 1
CD2

Question 3

What important adhesive molecule do effector T cells not express?

Answer 3

L Selectin which allows entry to secondary lymph

Question 4

What are the three main types of effector T cells?

Answer 4

CD8

CD4: Th1 and Th2

Question 5

What are CD8 T cells?

Answer 5

Cytotoxic (killer) -kill viral infected cells

Question 6

What are CD4 T cells?

Answer 6

Helper -orchestrate B cell response

Question 7

What is the main difference between Th1 and Th2 T cells?

Answer 7

Th1 activates macrophages in addition to B cells

Question 8

What is the main ligand made by both CD4 Helper T cells?

Answer 8

CD40

Question 9

What other cytokines do Th1 cells make?

Answer 9

IFNy
GM-CSF
TNF-a
LT
IL3

Question 10

What general class of infection activates Th1 and Th2 productions?

Answer 10

Th1 - Intracellular

Th2 - Extracellular

Question 11

What types of class switching will Th1 Helper T cells induce in B cells?

Answer 11

Intracellular antibody classes

Question 12

What types of class switching will Th2 Helper T cells induce in B cells?

Answer 12

Extracellular antibody classes

Question 13

What two varables determine Th0 differentiation?

Answer 13

Cytokine Millieu

Antibody Concentration

Question 14

What cytokines induce Th1?

Answer 14

IFNy

IL12

Question 15

What cytokines induce Th2?

Answer 15

IL4 and IL6

Question 16

What are the transcription factors for Th1, Th2, and Treg cells?

Answer 16

Th1: T-bet
Th2: GATA 3
Treg: Foxp3

Question 17

What antibody concentration induces Th1?

Answer 17

High

Question 18

What antibody concentration induces Th2?

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

What is an overview of CD8 effector mechanisms?

Answer 19

Perforin, Granzymes/Granulysin
IFNy production to recruit
Fas ligand to induce apoptosis

Question 20

What does CD8 recognition (not effect) require?

Answer 20

TCR binding to MHC class I
CD28 binding to B7

Question 21

What does any T cell proliferation require?

Answer 21

IL2 and IL2 receptor production in tandem

Question 22

What are the main adhesion molecules of CD8’s?

Answer 22

LFA 1 to ICAM 1

Question 23

What is an overview of CD4 effector mechanisms?

Answer 23

CD40 on APC recognized
IFNy produced
Macrophage/B cells infiltrate

Question 24

Who is the maestro of the immune response?

Answer 24

Helper T Cells

Question 25

What signal induces macrophage production in the bone marrow?

Answer 25

IL3 plus GH-CSF

Question 26

What signal causes macrophages to accumulate at the site of infection?

Answer 26

CXCL2

Question 27

What pathway do cytokines signal through?

Answer 27

Jak-stat dimer signal cascades

Question 28

What are the cytokines he wanted to know?

Answer 28

• IL2: Induces T cell growth
  
  • IFNy: Activation of MHC class I and Class II in macrophages
  • LT: Macrophage activation, induces NO production
  • IL4: B cell activation, growth, IgG1, IgE, up MHC, class E induction
    • T cell growth and survival
  • IL3: Hematopoetic cell growth factor for progenitor hematopoetic cells (needs CSF)
  • TNFa: Macrophage activation, induces NO production
  • GN-CSF: Hematopoetic cell increase in granulocytes and macrophage differentiation and dendritic cells