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Immunology Test 1 > 3 Antibody Diversity and B Cell Development > Flashcards

3 Antibody Diversity and B Cell Development Flashcards

* Describe Sequence of Somatic Recombination * Describe the importance of * Affinty Maturation (somatic hypermutation) * Class Switching (Isotype Switching) * Describe B-Cell Development steps and tissues

1
Q

What is a B cells purpose?

A

Make antibodies

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2
Q

Where are B cells made?

A

Bone Marrow

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3
Q

What is the terminal B cell differential cell that makes antibodies?

A

Plasma Cell

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4
Q

What is the long lived antigen specific cell ready to become an antibody producing cell?

A

Memory B Cell

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5
Q

What process in somatic recombination does not rely on antigen?

A

Somatic Recombination: Heavy and Light Chain Rearrangement

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6
Q

How is diversity in the B cell repertoire created?

A

Different gene splicing
Imprecise protein joining
Different protein pairing

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7
Q

What are light chain genes?

A

Kappa

Lambda

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8
Q

What chromosome is Kappa light chain gene found on?

A

Chromosome 2

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9
Q

What chromosome is Lambda light chain gene found on?

A

Chromosome 22

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10
Q

What regions do each Kappa and Lambda gene have?

A

V, J, Constant regions

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11
Q

What regions do heavy chain genes have?

A

V,D,J, C regions

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12
Q

How many heavy chain Constant gene alleles are there?

A

9, one for each Ig type

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13
Q

What brings the V,D, and J segments together?

A

DNA splicing

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14
Q

What brings the C region onto the VDJ or VJ segments?

A

RNA splicing

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15
Q

What do leader sequences do?

A

Direct Ig to:
Secrete
Membrane

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16
Q

How many alleles of each chain sub type are expressed?

A

Only 1, or the cell dies

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17
Q

What parts of B cell diversity creation are antigen dependent?

A

Somatic Hypermutation

Class Switching

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18
Q

Where does Somatic Hypermutation occur?

A

Secondary lymph

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19
Q

What does Somatic Hypermutation do?

A

Creates Affinity Maturation

20
Q

What B cell undergoes Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switching?

A

Activated B cell

21
Q

What are CDRs?

A

Complementary determining regions (hypervariable adaptive regions of Somatic Hypermutation Igs)

22
Q

What B cell function relies on Helper T cells to occur?

A

Class Switching

23
Q

What gene segment changes in class switching?

A

Constant (
* Vh exon associates with Ch genes to change the type of Constant region that will get expressed. This changes the type of Ig that is made.)

24
Q

What Ig is made in every cell initially?

A

IgM

25
Q

What Class Switch cannot occur?

A

IgM to IgD

26
Q

What regions occur between V and C regions to allow class switching?

A

Switch regions

27
Q

What enzyme allows class swithcing inside the DNA of B cells?

A

Switch recombinase

28
Q

What cells do B cells depend on to live and grow?

A

Stromal Cells

29
Q

Where do stromal cells live?

A

Bone Marrow

30
Q

What is the overview of B cell development?

A
  1. Pro B cell
  2. Pre B cell
  3. Immature B cell
  4. Mature B cell
31
Q

What is indicative of early Pro B cells?

A

DJ gene rearrangement

32
Q

What is indicative of late Pro B cells?

A

V-DJ gene rearrangement

33
Q

What is indicative of early Pre B cells?

A

m-chain expressed on surface

34
Q

What is indicative of late Pre B cells?

A

V-J rearrangement

35
Q

What is indicative of Immature B cells?

A

Clonal deletion of:
Anergics
Self Recognizers

36
Q

What is indicative of Mature B cells?

A

Surface expression of:
IgM
IgD

37
Q

What occurs if Mature B cells do not present IgM or IgD?

A

Apoptosis via CD8

38
Q

What gene product allows double strand dna break and somatic recombination?

A

RAG 1

RAG 2

39
Q

What enzyme allows the addition of N nucleotides at the junction of rearranged gene segments?

A

TdT

40
Q

What is involved in surface receptor signal transduction? What disease does this lead to?

A

Bruton’s thymidine kinase (Btk)

X linked agammaglobulinemia

41
Q

What enzyme allows class switching?

A

switch recombinase

42
Q

What 3 things create self selection of B cells?

A
  1. self recognition of surface molecules
  2. self recognition of soluble molecules
  3. inability to bind antigen
43
Q

What is vital to maturation of B cells?

A

Antigen!

44
Q

What do B cells present to CD4?

A

MHC II : Antigen complex

45
Q

What signal does CD4 send back to B cells to feedback for differentiation?

A

CD40L

46
Q

What is the difference between membrane-bound Ab and secreted Ab?

A

Membrane is:
Monomeric
Transmembrane domain

47
Q

Secretory and Membrane bound Ab pathways are allowed by:

A

RNA processing

Immunology Test 1 (12 decks)

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