7. Revolutionary Implosion vs Transición Pactada: Different Patterns of Democratisation in Spain and Portugal Flashcards
What was the Transición Pactada in Spain after Franco?
A pact that meant regime change towards democracy was carried out gradually after the death of Franco in 1975, but changes were always to be made in consensus between the forces of the old regime and the new.
Define revolution.
Radical change or overthrowing of a government or social order in favour of a new system.
What is formal democratisation?
The institutional political change within the remains of Franco’s dictatorship towards a democracy in 1975-78. This meant the re-establishment of party competition, a democratic government and the democratic election of parliament.
What is the consolidation of democracy?
A status achieved once democracy is accepted as an intrinsic value in society; the political pendulum should be able to swing from left to right and back again without major conflict, and it should be accepted that the extremes are ruled-out. In Spain this periodisation took place from 1978-1996.
When was José María Aznar elected as prime minister?
1996
When was Mário Soares elected as prime minister?
1976
When was Soares elected as president?
1986
Who was Adolfo Suárez Sánchez?
Reformist prime minister of Spain appointed in 1976, leader of centre-rights party Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD), who encouraged the revival of political parties.
Who was Felipe González?
Leader of centre-left party Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol (PSOE), the first socialist party in Spain to win elections in 1982/83 since the Second Republic.
Who was José María Aznar?
Prime minister of Spain (1996-2004) and Leader of Partido Popular, a moderate conservative-nationalist right party. His election was significant for its peaceful shift of government from the political left to the right without causing military intervention or civil war, indicating a consolidation of democracy.
Who was Gral. António de Spínola?
Portuguese military leder who served as president in Portugal following the coup against Caetano’s rule in 1974, and helped lead the country towards democracy.
Who was Alvaro Cunhal?
Portuguese Communist activist and major opponent of Estado Novo, leader of extreme left party Partido Comunista Português, after the ousting of Caetano on the Carnation Revolution of 1974.
Who was Mário Soares?
Leader of centre left party, Partido Socialista. Elected in 1986, he was the first civilian resident in Portugal since 1926.
