5. Authoritarian Corporatism: Origins and Nature of the Salazar and Franco Dictatorship

Question 1

Define Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism, and what is the difference between them?

Answer 1

Both are variations of a dictatorship, however authoritarianism emphasises the dictator’s personal power, the institutional power is weak, and it does not go beyond political control. Whereas totalitarianism does go beyond personal political power and tries to gain complete control of every aspect of the people’s lives, private or public.

Question 2

Define (state) corporatism

Answer 2

Control of a state or organisation by large interest groups. The result is that the state has great control over the groups, and groups have great control over their members. Autonomous political participation is not made possible.

Question 3

When was Franco’s dictatorship?

Answer 3

1939-75

Question 4

When was the Portuguese Estado Novo?

Answer 4

1933-74

Question 5

Who was Antonio de Oliveira Salazar?

Answer 5

A finance minister who from 1926-33 rose to the position of Dictator of Portugal, until he died in 1970. He is responsible for the authoritarian corporatist government Estado Novo that ruled Portugal until 1974.

Question 6

Who was Francisco Franco?

Answer 6

Authoritarian dictator of Spain (1939-75), leader of the Natinalist forces who overthrew the Democratic Republic in the Spanish Civil War.

Question 7

When was the Spanish Second Republic?

Answer 7

1931-39

Question 8

When was the Spanish Civil War?

Answer 8

1936-39