2. Overseas Expansion and Imperial Overstretch in Habsburg Spain and Avis Portugal

Question 1

Define Feitoria

Answer 1

Fortified ports set up by the Portuguese around Africa and the Indian Ocean that served as a way-point, supply station and/or trade hub to help power the trade empire e.g. Macau

Question 2

Absolutism

Answer 2

When the monarch both reign and governs e.g. Ferdinand VII of Spain.

Question 3

Columbian Exchange

Answer 3

The exchange of goods such as coffee beans, pineapple and livestock (as well as illnesses such as Smallpox) between the Americas and Europe/Asia/Africa, established after Columbus’ arrival to the Caribbean in 1492.

Question 4

Imperial Overstretch

Answer 4

When an empire over-expands to the point that it can no longer maintain itself or continue to advance its military or economy.

Question 5

Golden Age

Answer 5

Prosperity in the sciences and arts in 16th to early 17th century in Spain, and late 1500s to 1580 in Portugal.

Question 6

When was the Avis Dynasty?

Answer 6

1385-1580

Question 7

When was the first Portuguese sailing around the Cape of Good Hope?

Answer 7

1488

Question 8

When was the completion of the Portuguese sea journey to India?

Answer 8

1498

Question 9

When did the Spanish discover the New World?

Answer 9

1492

Question 10

When was the Treaty of Tordesillas made?

Answer 10

1494

Question 11

When did the Portuguese discover Brazil?

Answer 11

1500 (although they apparently knew since 1480)

Question 12

When were the Aztec and Inca Empires conquered?

Answer 12

Aztec: 1519-21
Inca: 1532-36

Question 13

When was the first circumnavigation of the globe?

Answer 13

1519-22

Question 14

When was the Habsburg Dynasty?

Answer 14

1516-1700

Question 15

When was the Battle in the English Channel/loss of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 15

1588

Question 16

When was the Golden Age?

Answer 16

Spain: 16th century-early 17th century
Portugal: 1500s-1580s

Question 17

When did the Spanish rule over Portugal (in the Iberian Union)?

Answer 17

1580-1640

Question 18

Who was Bartolomeu Dias?

Answer 18

Portuguese navigator and explorer who led the European expedition to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.

Question 19

Who was Vasco da Gama?

Answer 19

Portuguese navigator who was first sail from Portugal to India (sailing around the Cape of Good Hope) in 1497-98.

Question 20

Christopher Columbus

Answer 20

Explorer who sailed the Atlantic with the sponsorship of the Catholic Monarchs in the hope of finding India to bring back gold and spices, but instead found the Americas, making four voyages in total between 1492-1504.

Question 21

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Answer 21

Portuguese navigator who is generally credited as the first European to reach Brazil in 1500.

Question 22

Fernão de Magalhães

Answer 22

Portuguese navigator who made the first circumnavigation of the globe between 1519-22.

Question 23

Hernán Cortés

Answer 23

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire 1519-21.

Question 24

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 24

Spanish explorer who conquered the Inca Empire in 1532-36.

Question 25

Charles I/V

Answer 25

King of Spain (1516-56), first of the Habsburg House to rule Spain, who also became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1519-56) after the death of Maximillian of Habsburg.

Question 26

Phillip II

Answer 26

King of both Spain (1556-98) and Portugal (1580-98). His reign united Spain and Portugal in the Iberian Union until it ended in 1640.

Question 27

Name a representative of Spanish culture in the Golden Age.

Answer 27

• Miguel Cervantes (writer - Don Quijote)

- Diego Velázquez (painter)

Question 28

Luís de Camões

Answer 28

One of Portugal’s most celebrated poet who published The Lusiads in 1572, based on Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India.