2. Overseas Expansion and Imperial Overstretch in Habsburg Spain and Avis Portugal Flashcards
Define Feitoria
Fortified ports set up by the Portuguese around Africa and the Indian Ocean that served as a way-point, supply station and/or trade hub to help power the trade empire e.g. Macau
Absolutism
When the monarch both reign and governs e.g. Ferdinand VII of Spain.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of goods such as coffee beans, pineapple and livestock (as well as illnesses such as Smallpox) between the Americas and Europe/Asia/Africa, established after Columbus’ arrival to the Caribbean in 1492.
Imperial Overstretch
When an empire over-expands to the point that it can no longer maintain itself or continue to advance its military or economy.
Golden Age
Prosperity in the sciences and arts in 16th to early 17th century in Spain, and late 1500s to 1580 in Portugal.
When was the Avis Dynasty?
1385-1580
When was the first Portuguese sailing around the Cape of Good Hope?
1488
When was the completion of the Portuguese sea journey to India?
1498
When did the Spanish discover the New World?
1492
When was the Treaty of Tordesillas made?
1494
When did the Portuguese discover Brazil?
1500 (although they apparently knew since 1480)
When were the Aztec and Inca Empires conquered?
Aztec: 1519-21
Inca: 1532-36
When was the first circumnavigation of the globe?
1519-22
When was the Habsburg Dynasty?
1516-1700
When was the Battle in the English Channel/loss of the Spanish Armada?
1588
When was the Golden Age?
Spain: 16th century-early 17th century
Portugal: 1500s-1580s
When did the Spanish rule over Portugal (in the Iberian Union)?
1580-1640
Who was Bartolomeu Dias?
Portuguese navigator and explorer who led the European expedition to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.
Who was Vasco da Gama?
Portuguese navigator who was first sail from Portugal to India (sailing around the Cape of Good Hope) in 1497-98.
Christopher Columbus
Explorer who sailed the Atlantic with the sponsorship of the Catholic Monarchs in the hope of finding India to bring back gold and spices, but instead found the Americas, making four voyages in total between 1492-1504.
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Portuguese navigator who is generally credited as the first European to reach Brazil in 1500.
Fernão de Magalhães
Portuguese navigator who made the first circumnavigation of the globe between 1519-22.
Hernán Cortés
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire 1519-21.
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who conquered the Inca Empire in 1532-36.
Charles I/V
King of Spain (1516-56), first of the Habsburg House to rule Spain, who also became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1519-56) after the death of Maximillian of Habsburg.
Phillip II
King of both Spain (1556-98) and Portugal (1580-98). His reign united Spain and Portugal in the Iberian Union until it ended in 1640.
Name a representative of Spanish culture in the Golden Age.
- Miguel Cervantes (writer - Don Quijote)
- Diego Velázquez (painter)
Luís de Camões
One of Portugal’s most celebrated poet who published The Lusiads in 1572, based on Vasco da Gama’s discovery of the sea route to India.
