3. Bourbon Spain and Braganҫa Portugal from the Enlightenment to the Age of Revolution Flashcards
Enlightenment
18th century intellectual movement in Europe that criticised the prevailing theological dogmas and gave rational explanations of natural and social phenomena.
Enlightened Absolutism
a seemingly paradoxical combination of absolutism/despotism with enlightenment undertaken by absolutist regimes, usually resulting in economic liberalisation but political centralisation e.g. reign of Charles III of Spain.
Guerilla
a member of a smaller, unofficial military group formed to change the government or a larger group, usually in the form of irregular fighting or sudden, unexpected attacks.
Which quarter of which century was the peak time of the Reformismo Borbónico and the Pombaline Reforms?
3rd quarter of the 18th century
When was the French Revolution?
1789
When were the three revolutions of the Spanish cycle?
- 1808-14 (also called Peninsular War)
- 1820-23
- 1868-74
When was the Cádiz Constitution (Magna Carta of Spanish Liberalism) made?
1812
When was the Spanish-American Revolution of Independence?
1810-26
When was the Bragança Dynasty?
1640-1910
When did Brazil gain independence?
1822
Who was Charles III?
King of Spain (1759-88), an ‘enlightened despot’ who helped lead the country towards economic liberalisation and social reform (e.g. construction of hospitals, promotion of arts, culture and sciences), and he also expelled the Jesuits from Spain and Hispano-America.
Who was the Marquês de Pombal?
Prime minister of Portugal (1750-77) who implemented administrative, economic, social and cultural reforms in Portugal and its Empire, such as the liberalisation of (colonial) trade.
Who was Ferdinand VII?
King of Spain in 1808, who was imprisoned in France by Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars, and was later made King of Spain again 1813-33.
