Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Biology > 7) Reproduction and Inheritance > Flashcards

7) Reproduction and Inheritance Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have?

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a chemical instruction that codes for a particular protein. Genes control our inherited characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are different versions of the same gene called?

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is DNA?

A

A DNA molecule has two strands in the shape of a double helix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four different bases in DNA?

A
  • (A) Adenine
  • (C) Cytosine
  • (G) Guanine
  • (T) Thymine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are the four different bases joined up? And what is this called?

A

A=T
C=G
This is called complementary base-pairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of acid is DNA?

A

Nucleic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring have identical genes to the parent - so there’s no variation between parent and offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Apart from asexual reproduction, how else is mitosis useful?

A

Its how all plants and animals grow and repair dead tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

It involves the fusion of male and female gametes, because there are two parents contain a mixture of their parents’ genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Meiosis produces four haploid cells whose chromosomes are not identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the male and female reproduction part of the flower?

A

Male part= The stamen

Female part= The carpel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the stamen consist of and what do they do?

A

The anther= contains pollen grains

The filament= stalk that supports the anther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the carpel contain and what do they do?

A 
Stigma= the pollen grains attach to it
Style= the rod-like section that supports the stigma
Ovary= Contains the female gametes (eggs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pollination?

A

Is the transfer of pollen from anther to a stigma, so that the males gametes in sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

Cross pollination is a type of sexual reproduction where pollen is transferred from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do plants that cross-pollinate rely on?

A

Things like insects or the wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the four things that plants can do to adapt for insect pollination?

A

1) Have brightly coloured petals to attract insects
2) Have scented flowers
3) They make big, sticky pollen grains, they stick to insects as they go from plant to plant
4) The stigma is also sticky so that any pollen picked up by insects on other plants will stick to the stigma

20
Q

Name five things that plants can do to adapt for wind pollination?

A

1) Small dull petals on flower
2) No strong scents
3) A lot of pollen grains (small and light)
4) Long filaments that hang the anthers outside the plant
5) A large feathery stigma to catch pollen

21
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

It is the fusion of gametes

22
Q

What is sperm?

A

Sperm are male gametes, they are made in the testes, all the time after puberty

23
Q

What is the urethra in a male?

A

A tube which carries sperm through ejaculation. Urine also passes through to exit the body

24
Q

What are the glands for in a male?

A

Produce the liquid that’s added to sperm to make semen.

25
Q

What is the erectile tissue?

A

Swells when filled with blood to make the penis erect

26
Q

What are the vas deferens (sperm duct)?

A

Muscular tube that carries sperm from the testis towards the urethra

27
Q

What are the testis for?

A

Where the sperm are made

28
Q

What is the scrotum for?

A

Hangs behind the penis and contains the testes

29
Q

What is the fallopian tube?

A

A muscular tube that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

30
Q

What is the uterus (womb) ?

A

The organ where an embryo grows

31
Q

What is the ovary?

A

The organ that produces ova and sex hormones

32
Q

What is the endometrium (lining of the uterus) ?

A

Has a good blood supply for implantation of an emybro

33
Q

What is the cervix?

A

The neck of the uterus

34
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Where the sperm are deposited

35
Q

Explain the cycle of an egg

A

1) An ovum (egg) is produced every 28 days
2) It then passes into the fallopian tube
3) If it isn’t fertilised by sperm the ovum will break up and pass out of the vagina

36
Q

What is the hormone that causes puberty in females?

A

Oestrogen

37
Q

What is the hormone that causes puberty in males?

A

Testosterone

38
Q

What happens to a female when she begins puberty?

A
  • Extra hair on underarms and pubic hair
  • Hips widen
  • Development of breasts
  • Ovum release and start of periods
39
Q

What happens to a male when he begins puberty?

A
  • Extra hair on face and body
  • Muscles to develop
  • Penis and testicles to enlarge
  • Sperm production
  • Deepening of voice
40
Q

Explain the four stages of the menstrual cycle

A

Stage 1= Day 1 when bleeding starts. The uterus lining breaks down for about four days
Stage 2= The uterus lining builds up again from day 4 to day 14, into a thick layer of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilised ovum
Stage 3= An ovum develops and its released from the ovary at day 14
Stage 4= The wall is maintained till day 28, if no fertilised egg has been received then the whole cycle starts again

41
Q

What are the main effects of oestrogen?

A
  • Causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and grow

- Stimulates the release of an ovum at day 14

42
Q

What is the main effect of progesterone?

A

Maintains the lining of the uterus. When the level of progesterone falls, the lining breaks down

43
Q

What is the main job of the placenta?

A

Once the embryo has implanted the placenta develops - this lets the blood of the embryo and the mother get very close to allow the exchange of food, oxygen and waste

44
Q

What is the theory of evolution?

A

Life began as simple organisms from which more complex organisms evolved

45
Q

What are mutations?

A

Mutations are changes to the genetic code. They are usually harmful

GCSE Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions