4)Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell
What is aerobic respiration?
It is the process of respiration but with a lot of oxygen, and it is the most efficient way to release energy from glucose
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water(+energy)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C12H1206 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration doesn’t use any oxygen at all, and it is not the most effective way to convert glucose to energy because it releases much less energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → Lactic Acid (+energy)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+energy)
What solution can be used to show that living organisms produce CO2?
Hydrogen-carbonate solution
How do plants exchange gas?
By diffusion
What does the net exchange of gases depend on?
Light intensity, during the day plants release oxygen because they take in carbon dioxide but in the night they release carbon dioxide because they take in oxygen
Why are leaves broad?
There is a large surface area for diffusion
Why is it better for leaves to be thin?
Gasses only have to travel a short distance to reach the cells where they’re needed
Why is the air spaces inside the leaf?
This let gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen move easily between cells. It also increases the surface area for gas exchange
What are stomata?
They let gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse in and out
Where are the lungs?
In the throrax, which is the top part of your body
What are the lungs protected by?
The rib cage, they are also surrounded by the pleural membranes
Where does the air that you breathe go after the being in the trachea?
It splits into the two tubes called bronchi (bronchus) one going into each lung.
What does the bronchi split into?
It splits progressively into smaller tubes called bronchioles
Where do the bronchioles go?
Into the aveoli (where gas exchange happens)
What happens when you breathe in?
1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
2) Thorax volume increases
3) This draws air in
What happens when you breathe out
1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
2) Thorax volume decreases
3) Air is forced out
Name 5 ways in which the alveoli are specialised for gas exchange
1) With loads of microscopic alveoli gives lungs an enormous surface area
2) There’s a moist lining for gasses to dissolve in
3) The alveoli have thin walls
4) They have a great blood supply
5) The walls are permeable
How does smoking tobacco damage the alveoli?
Damages the walls inside the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange
What does the tar inside cigarettes do?
Damages the cilia in your lungs and trachea, the cilia catch dust and bacteria before reaching the lungs
How does tar affect bronchi?
It irritates the bronchi and bronchioles, encouraging mucus to be produced
What does the carbon monoxide do in cigarette smoke?
It reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry, which leads to the increase of high blood pressure
What is the chemicals that cigarette smoke contains that can lead to cancer?
Carcinogens
