4)Respiration and Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell

Question 2

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

It is the process of respiration but with a lot of oxygen, and it is the most efficient way to release energy from glucose

Question 3

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water(+energy)

Question 4

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

C12H1206 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)

Question 5

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 5

Anaerobic respiration doesn’t use any oxygen at all, and it is not the most effective way to convert glucose to energy because it releases much less energy

Question 6

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 6

Glucose → Lactic Acid (+energy)

Question 7

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Answer 7

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+energy)

Question 8

What solution can be used to show that living organisms produce CO2?

Answer 8

Hydrogen-carbonate solution

Question 9

How do plants exchange gas?

Answer 9

By diffusion

Question 10

What does the net exchange of gases depend on?

Answer 10

Light intensity, during the day plants release oxygen because they take in carbon dioxide but in the night they release carbon dioxide because they take in oxygen

Question 11

Why are leaves broad?

Answer 11

There is a large surface area for diffusion

Question 12

Why is it better for leaves to be thin?

Answer 12

Gasses only have to travel a short distance to reach the cells where they’re needed

Question 13

Why is the air spaces inside the leaf?

Answer 13

This let gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen move easily between cells. It also increases the surface area for gas exchange

Question 14

What are stomata?

Answer 14

They let gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse in and out

Question 15

Where are the lungs?

Answer 15

In the throrax, which is the top part of your body

Question 16

What are the lungs protected by?

Answer 16

The rib cage, they are also surrounded by the pleural membranes

Question 17

Where does the air that you breathe go after the being in the trachea?

Answer 17

It splits into the two tubes called bronchi (bronchus) one going into each lung.

Question 18

What does the bronchi split into?

Answer 18

It splits progressively into smaller tubes called bronchioles

Question 19

Where do the bronchioles go?

Answer 19

Into the aveoli (where gas exchange happens)

Question 20

What happens when you breathe in?

Answer 20

1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
2) Thorax volume increases
3) This draws air in

Question 21

What happens when you breathe out

Answer 21

1) Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
2) Thorax volume decreases
3) Air is forced out

Question 22

Name 5 ways in which the alveoli are specialised for gas exchange

Answer 22

1) With loads of microscopic alveoli gives lungs an enormous surface area
2) There’s a moist lining for gasses to dissolve in
3) The alveoli have thin walls
4) They have a great blood supply
5) The walls are permeable

Question 23

How does smoking tobacco damage the alveoli?

Answer 23

Damages the walls inside the alveoli, reducing the surface area for gas exchange

Question 24

What does the tar inside cigarettes do?

Answer 24

Damages the cilia in your lungs and trachea, the cilia catch dust and bacteria before reaching the lungs

Question 25

How does tar affect bronchi?

Answer 25

It irritates the bronchi and bronchioles, encouraging mucus to be produced

Question 26

What does the carbon monoxide do in cigarette smoke?

Answer 26

It reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry, which leads to the increase of high blood pressure

Question 27

What is the chemicals that cigarette smoke contains that can lead to cancer?

Answer 27

Carcinogens