1) Structures and Functions in Living Organisms Flashcards
What are the 8 basic characterisations that every living organism have?
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Response
- Movement
- Control
- Reproduce
- Grow and Develop
Give examples of nutrition
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals
What do organisms move to and what do they move from?
- Move towards water and food
- Move away from predators and poisons
What do living organisms control?
Their temperature and water content
What is found in an animal cell?
Nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm
What is a nucleus?
An organelle which contains the genetic material that controls the cell’s activities. It is surrounded by its own membrane
What is cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance where the majority of the cell’s chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes.
What do plant cells contain?
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole
What are chloroplasts?
That’s where photosynthesis happens, which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll.
What is a cell wall?
A rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
What is a vacuole?
A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.
What is a vacuole?
A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.
What is a red blood cell specialised for?
Specialised for carrying oxygen.
What are white blood cells specialised for?
Specialised for defending the body against disease
What is a ‘tissue’?
A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.
Why do plants have xylem tissue?
To transport water and mineral salts
Why do plants have phloem tissue?
To transport sucrose and amino acids
List the steps from Cells to Organ Systems
- Similar cells are organised into tissues
- Tissues are organised into organs
- Organs make up organ systems
List the features of a plant
1) Plants are multicellular
2) They have chloroplasts allowing photosynthesis
3) They have cell walls
4) Plants store carbohydrates
List the features of animals
1) Multicellular
2) DON’T have cell walls
3) Nervous coordination
4) They can move around
5) They often store carbohydrates
List the features of fungi
1) Some are single celled
2) Have cell walls made of chitin
3) Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
4) Store carbohydrates
List the features of Protoctists
1)Single celled and microscopic
List the features of Protoctists
1) Single celled and microscopic
2) Some have chloroplasts
List the features of bacteria
1) Single celled and microscopic
2) They don’t have a nucleus
3) They have a circular chromosome of DNA
4) Some can photosynthesise
5) Mostly feed off other organisms-living and dead
List the features of Viruses
1) Particles rather than cells
2) They can only reproduce inside living cells
3) They infect all types of living organisms
4) They aren’t a definite shape or size
5) Don’t have cellular structure
Why do living things produce enzymes?
To act of biological catalysts
What is a catalyst?
Increases the speed of a reaction
What are metabolic reactions?
Useful chemical reactions in the body
What are enzymes made up of?
Enzymes are made up of proteins, which are all made up of chains of amino acids
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of particles from an area of higher concentration of lower concentration
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
What is a partially permeable membrane?
Is a membrane with small holes in it
What are plants supported by?
turgid cells
What is active transport?
Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration
What does it mean is a cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio?
The rate of diffusion, osmosis and active transport is higher
