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GCSE Biology > 1) Structures and Functions in Living Organisms > Flashcards

1) Structures and Functions in Living Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 basic characterisations that every living organism have?

A
  • Nutrition
  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Response
  • Movement
  • Control
  • Reproduce
  • Grow and Develop
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2
Q

Give examples of nutrition

A

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals

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3
Q

What do organisms move to and what do they move from?

A
  • Move towards water and food

- Move away from predators and poisons

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4
Q

What do living organisms control?

A

Their temperature and water content

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5
Q

What is found in an animal cell?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

An organelle which contains the genetic material that controls the cell’s activities. It is surrounded by its own membrane

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7
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

A gel-like substance where the majority of the cell’s chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes.

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8
Q

What do plant cells contain?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole

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9
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

That’s where photosynthesis happens, which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll.

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10
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane. It supports the cell and strengthens it.

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11
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.

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12
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.

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13
Q

What is a red blood cell specialised for?

A

Specialised for carrying oxygen.

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14
Q

What are white blood cells specialised for?

A

Specialised for defending the body against disease

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15
Q

What is a ‘tissue’?

A

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

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16
Q

Why do plants have xylem tissue?

A

To transport water and mineral salts

17
Q

Why do plants have phloem tissue?

A

To transport sucrose and amino acids

18
Q

List the steps from Cells to Organ Systems

A
  • Similar cells are organised into tissues
  • Tissues are organised into organs
  • Organs make up organ systems
19
Q

List the features of a plant

A

1) Plants are multicellular
2) They have chloroplasts allowing photosynthesis
3) They have cell walls
4) Plants store carbohydrates

20
Q

List the features of animals

A

1) Multicellular
2) DON’T have cell walls
3) Nervous coordination
4) They can move around
5) They often store carbohydrates

21
Q

List the features of fungi

A

1) Some are single celled
2) Have cell walls made of chitin
3) Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
4) Store carbohydrates

22
Q

List the features of Protoctists

A

1)Single celled and microscopic

23
Q

List the features of Protoctists

A

1) Single celled and microscopic

2) Some have chloroplasts

24
Q

List the features of bacteria

A

1) Single celled and microscopic
2) They don’t have a nucleus
3) They have a circular chromosome of DNA
4) Some can photosynthesise
5) Mostly feed off other organisms-living and dead

25
Q

List the features of Viruses

A

1) Particles rather than cells
2) They can only reproduce inside living cells
3) They infect all types of living organisms
4) They aren’t a definite shape or size
5) Don’t have cellular structure

26
Q

Why do living things produce enzymes?

A

To act of biological catalysts

27
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Increases the speed of a reaction

28
Q

What are metabolic reactions?

A

Useful chemical reactions in the body

29
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

Enzymes are made up of proteins, which are all made up of chains of amino acids

30
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of particles from an area of higher concentration of lower concentration

31
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

32
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane?

A

Is a membrane with small holes in it

33
Q

What are plants supported by?

A

turgid cells

34
Q

What is active transport?

A

Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration

35
Q

What does it mean is a cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio?

A

The rate of diffusion, osmosis and active transport is higher

GCSE Biology (8 decks)

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