7: Pregnancy Infections Flashcards
What is the difference between primary and recurrent Varicella-Zoster?
Primary is known as chickenpox and recurrent infections are known as shingles.
How is GBS transmitted to the fetus?
This bacterium is transmitted to the newborn vertically through contact with a GBS-colonized vagina during vaginal birth.
How is Varicella-Zoster transmitted to the fetus?
Transplacentally
How is chlamydia transmitted to the newborn?
Exposure to the cervix during birth
T/F Not only should you avoid the Rubella vaccine in pregnancy, but you should not become pregnant within 4 weeks of getting the vaccine.
True
How is gonorrhea transmitted to the newborn?
Exposure to the cervix during birth
Which virus causes German measles?
Rubella
When is a test of cure needed for gonorrhea?
Test-of-cure is not needed for persons who receive a diagnosis of uncomplicated urogenital or rectal gonorrhea who are treated with any of the recommended or alternative regimens; however, any person with pharyngeal gonorrhea who is treated with an alternative regimen should return 14 days after treatment for a test-of-cure.
What parasite causes an infection via foodborne transmission or animal-to-human (usually cat feces)?
Toxoplasma gondii
This virus, like chickenpox, is a member of the herpes family and can cause congenital complications.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
How is CMV transmitted to the fetus/newborn?
- Transplacentally
- Maternal body fluids during birth
- Breastfeeding
This virus causes chickenpox.
Varicella-Zoster
How is Rubella transmitted to the fetus?
Transplacentally and the most risk is during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
How is syphilis transmitted to the fetus?
Transplacentally
How is Hep B transmitted to the fetus/newborn?
- Vaginal fluid
- Amniotic fluid
- Blood
- Saliva
- Breastmilk (most likely)
A gram + bacteria that can cause sepsis and infections of the lungs, brain, or spinal cord in newborns.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
When is a test-of-cure needed for chlamydia?
A test of cure should be done 3 to 4 weeks following treatment and again within 3 months.
Which virus causes fifth disease?
Parvovirus B19
How is HIV transmitted to the fetus/newborn?
- Maternal circulation during the 1st trimester.
- Maternal and fetal blood exchange at birth.
- Lactation
How is Toxoplasmosis transmitted to the fetus?
Transplacentally and risk increases with advancing gestation, though the most damage occurs if exposed in the 1st trimester.
How is parvovirus B19 transmitted?
Transplacentally
Which STIs should the NP routinely screen for in pregnant patients?
Trich HIV Hep B Syphilis Gonorrhea Chlamydia Herpes HPV (if timing is appropriate)
Which STIs need a test-of-cure in pregnant women?
- Gonorrhea: Pharyngeal gonorrhea who is treated with alternative regimen needs test-of-cure in 14 days.
- Chlamydia: Test-of-cure in 3-4 weeks and again in 3 months for reinfection.
What is treatment of gonorrhea in pregnancy?
250 mg Ceftriaxone IM x 1 + 1 gm Azithromycin PO x 1 (same as nonpregnant)
What is treatment of Chlamydia in pregnancy?
Azithromycin 1 gm PO x 1. Doxy is contraindicated in pregnancy.
