7) OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Flashcards
What makes an alcohol a primary alcohol
OH on the first (or end) carbon - only attached to one other carbon
What makes an alcohol a secondary alcohol
OH on internal carbons - attached to two other carbons
What makes an alcohol a tertiary alcohol
OH on internal carbon across from a branch - attached to three other carbons
What do primary alcohols oxidise to
Primary –> aldehydes —> carboxylic acid
What do secondary alcohols oxidise to
Secondary —> ketones
What do tertiary alcohols oxidise to
They do under go mild oxidation BUT
they can complete combustions when burned
What is oxidation
- increase in O:H ratio (less hydrogens or more oxygens)
* loss electrons
Why would oxidising agents be used
To distinguish between aldehydes and ketones as aldehydes can undergo mild oxidation and ketones can’t
Name the types of oxidising agents and the colour change that occurs between each one
•Tollents reagent
(Colourless –> silver)
•acidified potassium dichromate
(Orange –> green)
•Benedictus solution
(Blue –> orange/red)
•copper oxide
(Black –> copper coloured)
What functional group do ketones and aldehydes have
Carbonyl
Where is the functional group on a aldehyde
End carbon
Where is the functional group on a ketone
Internal carbons
What should you always remember when naming a ketone
Put but the number where the functional group is
E.g
Propan-3-one
What ketones do you not need to show where the functional group is in the name
Propanone
Butanone
Why are antioxidant used
They are added to fat containing food in order to slow down the development of rancid it’s by oxidant in place of the food/oil
Ion electron equation got ascorbic acid
C6H8O6 –> C6H6O6 + 2H+ + 2e-
What makes an alcohol a primary alcohol
OH on the first (or end) carbon
What makes an alcohol a secondary alcohol
OH on internal carbons
What makes an alcohol a tertiary alcohol
OH on internal carbon across from a branch
What do primary alcohols oxidise to
Primary –> aldehydes —> carboxylic acid
What do secondary alcohols oxidise to
Secondary —> ketones
What do tertiary alcohols oxidise to
They do under go mild oxidation BUT
they can complete combustions when burned
What is oxidation
- increase in O:H ratio (less hydrogens or more oxygens)
* loss electrons
Why would oxidising agents be used
To distinguish between aldehydes and ketones as aldehydes can undergo mild oxidation and ketones can’t
