7. Neuro Flashcards
What are the cranial nerves?
I. Olfactory nerve.- Smell
II. Optic nerve.- Vision
III. Oculomotor nerve-. Motor, eye movement
IV. Trochlear nerve.- Mototr, eye movement
V. Trigeminal nerve.- Mxed sensation and mouth muscles
VI. Abducens nerve- Motor, eye movement
VII. Facial nerve.- Muscles of face
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve- Sensory (hearing and balance)
IX. Glossopharyngeal- Mixed, swallowing muscles, tongue
X Vagus- Mixed, throat and organ sensory
XI Acessory- Motor, neck and soft palate
Hypoglossal- motor, tongue
Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue?
SENSORY
Anterior 2/3ds- trigeminal
Posterior 1/3rd- glossopharyngeal
TASTE
Anterior 2/3ds- facial nerve
Posterior 1/3rd glossopharyngeal
What are the varies areas of the brain?
Frontal- Personality, Motor, intelligence
Parietal- Spatial and visal perception, interpretation of senses
Occipital- Vision
Temporal- Memory, hearing
What are the the important Brodmann areas of the brain?
1,2&3- Precentral gyrus
4- postcentral gyrus
22- Wernicke’s- temporal lobe of dominant hemisphere
44- Broca’s- frontal lobe, dominant hemisphere
explain the scoring system of the Glasgow coma scale
Eye Opening (E)
4 = spontaneous 3 = to sound 2 = to pressure 1 = none
Verbal Response (V)
5 = orientated 4 = confused 3 = words, but not coherent 2 = sounds, but no words 1 = none
Motor Response (M)
6 = obeys command 5 = localizing 4 = normal flexion 3 = abnormal flexion 2 = extension 1 = none
What nerve is affected in a Bell’s palsy?
Facial nerve (7)
What are the various pain fibres?
A alpha and alpha B fibres- proprioception, light touch
Ad fibres - nociception (mechanical, thermal, chemical)
C fibres- unmyelinated, temperature, itch, noceceptive
What do the spinothalamic tracts do?
Lateral- Convey fast and slow pain
Anterior- conveys sensation of simple touch
Synapse at the level they enter
What does the corticospinal tract do?
Descending tract, controls movements of limb sand trunk
Synapses in the pyramidal desiccation
Pyramidal tract
What do the dorsal columns do?
deep touch, proprioception, vibration
Decussate at the medulla
What are the differnt types ofbrian tumours?
Glioma
Minigioma
Pituitary adenoma
Secondary- metastisis
Name the dural coverings of the brain
Falx cerebri- between cerebrum
Falx cerebelli- between cerebellum
Tentorium cereblli- between occipital lobes
What is Guillain-Barré syndrome?
rare but serious autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks healthy nerve cells in your peripheral nervous system (PNS). This leads to weakness, numbness, and tingling, and can eventually cause paralysis.
Typically post- infectious
What is myasthenia gravis?
Myasthenia gravis is a rare long-term condition that causes muscle weakness.
It most commonly affects the muscles that control the eyes and eyelids,
can be triggered by tiredness and stress
Treatment gullian barre?
Intravenous immunoglobulins
