101. Peads

Question 1

What do you look for in a urine dipstick for a child?

Answer 1

Nitrites/leukocyte esterasee activity
Pyuria
Bacturia (takes 48 hours to culture)

Question 2

How do you manage a UTI pharmacologically?

Answer 2

Lower tract- co amoxiclav/ trimethoprim

Pyelonephritis (well)- oral antibiotics

Pyelonephritis (unwell)- 3rd gen ceph/co-amoxicillin

Hydration (potent H20 deliverance)

Question 3

What are your radiological investigations for a UTI

Answer 3

Renal USS (<3)

DMSA isotope scan for scarring

MCUG (younger) MAG3 (older)

Question 4

How do you treat GORD?

Answer 4

Make sure feeds are appropriate
Make sure feed is being delivered with baby upright
Feed thickeners (carobel)
Milk free?
Acid reduction

Watch out for cerebral palsy, progressive neuro disease, generalised GI disease

Question 5

What organism causes croup, epiglottis and tracheitis?

Answer 5

Croup- para flu I

Epiglottis- H. Flu type B

Tracheitis- staph A

Question 6

Treatment of pneumonia?

Answer 6

Amoxicillin- uncomplicated

Clindamycin-

Question 7

How much weight should a child gain?

Answer 7

3-6 months (100-150g/ week)

6-12 months (70-90g/ weeks)

Question 8

Describe the presentation of a febrile convulsion?

Answer 8

Generalised tonic clonic seizure, post ictal phase lasts less than 5 mins

Question 9

What are the different type of head shapes in children?

Answer 9

Plagiocephaly- flat head, parallelogram

Brachycephaly- compressed head, looks like a grape from above

Question 10

What investigations do you do for autism?

Answer 10

Creatine kinase

Question 11

How do you investigate a child with a non pathological fracture?

Answer 11

Looks for FBC, Ca, PO4, LFT’s, Vit D, PTH

Question 12

Bruising and pale child- differentials?

Answer 12

HUS
Leukaemia
Sepsis

Question 13

What are the common features of innocent murmurs?

Answer 13

Vibratory
Soft
Systolic
Localised
Vary with activity 
Asymptomatic
Normal investigations

Question 14

What are the various types of common murmurs seen in children?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What are the five T’s of heart disease?

Answer 15

T1- Truncus arteriosus

T2- TGA

T3- Tricuspid atresia

T4- ToF

T5- TAPVD

Question 16

What genetic conditions are associated with heart defects?

Answer 16

Downs: AVSD

Turners: Coarctation

Noonans: Pulmonary stenosis

Williams: Supraventricular aortic stenosis

Question 17

What advice do you give to an aneamic child?

Answer 17

Increase dietary iron
Check and reduce milk consumption
Dietician referral
Oral iron supplementation

Question 18

What is transient synovitis?

Answer 18

When a viral infection settles in the hip joint

Question 19

What are some causes of unconjugated jaundice?

Answer 19

Physiological jaundice
Breast milk jaundice
Infection (urinary)
Hypothyroidism
Haemolytic  anaemia

Question 20

What are the drugs you give for septicaemia in a newborn?

Answer 20

IV ceftotaxime/ceftriaxone

Question 21

What are the common causative organsisms of meningitis?

Answer 21

Infants- group B, leisteria, e.coli

Young people- neiserria meningitis, strep pneumonia, heamophillus influenzae