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[OS 215] 1st Lecture Exam > [7] Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

[7] Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Most important media for Neisseria diagnosis

A

Thayer Martin Chocolate Agar

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2
Q

[Gram Reaction]

Neisseria

A

Gram Negative

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3
Q

[Morphology]

Neisseria

A

Diplococci

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4
Q

[Presence of a Capsule]

Neisseria

A

Encapsulated

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5
Q

Dissemination of Gonorrhea can cause?

A

Gonococcal Arthritis

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6
Q

Immunoglobulin affected by N. meningitidis

A

IgA Protease

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7
Q

Uncomplicated N. gonorrhea infection manifests as this in women

A

Purulent Cervicitis

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8
Q

Can a pregnant woman with gonorrhea infect her baby

A

Yes, when the baby passes through the birth canal

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9
Q

[Oxidaste Test]

Neisseria

A

Positive

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10
Q

Organisms needing 5% carbon dioxide are classified as?

A

Captophilic

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11
Q

Organisms needing 5-10% oxygen are classified as?

A

Microaerophilic

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12
Q

[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]

Vaccine Availability

A

G: No vaccine

M: Serogroups A,C,W,Y

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13
Q

[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]

Maltase Fermentation

A

G: ( - )

M: ( + )

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14
Q

Principle treatment for gonorrhea

A

Penicillin

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15
Q

[Penicillin vs. Tetracycline]

Mechanism of Action

A

P: Cell wall synthesis

T: Ribosomal synthesis

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16
Q

Why are Chlamydia trachomatis also called energy parasites

A

They are unable to make their own ATP and are obligate intracellular parasites

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17
Q

[Gram Reaction]

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Technically gram negative, because they have no peptidoglycan in their walls

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18
Q

2 Forms of Chlamydia trachomatis

Which is the infective form?

A
  1. Elementary Bodies
  2. Reticulate Bodies

Elementary Bodies

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19
Q

How does Chlamydia trachomatis resist phagocytosis

A

Although they are phagocytosed, there is no fusion of the phagosome membrane and cell lysosome membrane so it exists within the phagosome

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20
Q

Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in females

A

80% Asymptomatic

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21
Q

Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in males

A

75% Symptomatic

Urethral Discharge (less purulent, more watery)

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22
Q

Why are all newborns treated with erythromycin at birth?

A

Both N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis are treated by erythromycin

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23
Q

Main causative agent of Syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

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24
Q

Other name for Hyaluronidase

A

Spreading Factor

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25
Q

Clinical Stages of Syphilis

A 
Primary
Secondary
Latent
Tertiary
Congenital Syphilis
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26
Q

Characteristic feature of Primary Syphilis

A

Chancre at site of inoculation

Hard and painless
Highly infectious

27
Q

Characteristic feature of Secondary Syphilis

A

Skin Rash

28
Q

Characteristic feature of Tertiary Syphilis

A

Slow, progressive, destructive inflammatory disease affecting the CNS (Neurosyphilis)

29
Q

Treatment of Choice for Syphilis

A

Penicillin

30
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Chancroid

31
Q

[ H. ducreyi vs. Syphilis]

Chancre Differentitation

A

H. ducreyi causes a soft, painful chancroid

32
Q

Vaginal pH for Bacterial Vaginosis

A

> = 5

33
Q

Gram stain of Gardnerella would present with this in Bacterial Vaginosis, how much should be present?

A

Clue Cells (>20% per HPF)

34
Q

Describe the Whiff Test for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

10% KOH on vaginal discharge will produce a fish amine-like odor

35
Q

[Presence of Cell Wall]

Mycoplasma

A

Absent

36
Q

Gonorrhea is more easily transmitted from female to males or vice-versa?

A

Males to Females 50%

Females to Males 20%

37
Q

Gonorrhea infects what % of people during first contact?

A

20-30%

38
Q

Prevention for Opthalmia Neonatorum

A

Application of 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline opthalmic ointment

Silver nitrate can also be used but it is toxic and burns the skin so is discouraged

39
Q

Trachoma is caused by?

A

Chlamydia Serovar A B Ba C

40
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venerium is caused by?

A

Chlamydia Serovar LGV 1,2,3

41
Q

Elementary Bodies of C. trahchomantis infects?

A

Columnar Epithelial Cells

42
Q

First choice treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

43
Q

How do you visualize Treponema pallidum

A

Immunofluorescence

Dark Field Microscopy

44
Q

Condylomata lata are present in this infection

A

Syphilis

45
Q

Gummas are present in this infection

A

Syphilis

46
Q

Bubos are present in this infection

A

Chlamydia

47
Q

Clutton’s Joints are present in this infection

A

Congenital Syphilis

48
Q

Culture for Treponema palldium

A

Animal Models

49
Q

“School of Fish” or “Railroad Tracks” Appearance

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

50
Q

Medium for H. ducreyi

A

Chocolate agar supplemented with isovitale X in 5-10% CO2

51
Q

Normal site of chancroids in males

A

Foreskin

52
Q

Chancroid treatment

A

Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Erythromycin

53
Q

Characterized by “Safety Pin” or “Donovan Bodies”

A

Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis

54
Q

Organisms that increase in Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacteroides spp.
Mobiluncus
Peptostreptococcus

55
Q

[Gram Reaction]

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Gram ( - )

56
Q

[Morphology]

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Bacillus

57
Q

Incubation method for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Anaerobic jar or bag

Facultative anaerobe and grows slowly in carbon dioxide rich atmosphere

58
Q

Homogenous, non-viscous, milk-white vaginal discharge is characteristic of?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

59
Q

Culture used to diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Non-hemolytic on 5% Sheep Blood Agar

B-Hemolysis on human bilayer and vaginalis agar

60
Q

A Nugent score of 0-3 is classified as?

A

Normal

61
Q

A Nugent score of 4-6 is classified as?

A

Intermediate

62
Q

A Nugent score of 7-10 is classified as?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

63
Q

Drug of Choice for Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

Trimetophrim

[OS 215] 1st Lecture Exam (8 decks)

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