[7] Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Reproductive Tract

Question 1

Most important media for Neisseria diagnosis

Answer 1

Thayer Martin Chocolate Agar

Question 2

[Gram Reaction]

Neisseria

Answer 2

Gram Negative

Question 3

[Morphology]

Neisseria

Answer 3

Diplococci

Question 4

[Presence of a Capsule]

Neisseria

Answer 4

Encapsulated

Question 5

Dissemination of Gonorrhea can cause?

Answer 5

Gonococcal Arthritis

Question 6

Immunoglobulin affected by N. meningitidis

Answer 6

IgA Protease

Question 7

Uncomplicated N. gonorrhea infection manifests as this in women

Answer 7

Purulent Cervicitis

Question 8

Can a pregnant woman with gonorrhea infect her baby

Answer 8

Yes, when the baby passes through the birth canal

Question 9

[Oxidaste Test]

Neisseria

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Organisms needing 5% carbon dioxide are classified as?

Answer 10

Captophilic

Question 11

Organisms needing 5-10% oxygen are classified as?

Answer 11

Microaerophilic

Question 12

[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]

Vaccine Availability

Answer 12

G: No vaccine

M: Serogroups A,C,W,Y

Question 13

[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]

Maltase Fermentation

Answer 13

G: ( - )

M: ( + )

Question 14

Principle treatment for gonorrhea

Answer 14

Penicillin

Question 15

[Penicillin vs. Tetracycline]

Mechanism of Action

Answer 15

P: Cell wall synthesis

T: Ribosomal synthesis

Question 16

Why are Chlamydia trachomatis also called energy parasites

Answer 16

They are unable to make their own ATP and are obligate intracellular parasites

Question 17

[Gram Reaction]

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 17

Technically gram negative, because they have no peptidoglycan in their walls

Question 18

2 Forms of Chlamydia trachomatis

Which is the infective form?

Answer 18

1. Elementary Bodies
2. Reticulate Bodies

Elementary Bodies

Question 19

How does Chlamydia trachomatis resist phagocytosis

Answer 19

Although they are phagocytosed, there is no fusion of the phagosome membrane and cell lysosome membrane so it exists within the phagosome

Question 20

Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in females

Answer 20

80% Asymptomatic

Question 21

Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in males

Answer 21

75% Symptomatic

Urethral Discharge (less purulent, more watery)

Question 22

Why are all newborns treated with erythromycin at birth?

Answer 22

Both N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis are treated by erythromycin

Question 23

Main causative agent of Syphillis

Answer 23

Treponema pallidum

Question 24

Other name for Hyaluronidase

Answer 24

Spreading Factor

Question 25

Clinical Stages of Syphilis

Answer 25

``` Primary Secondary Latent Tertiary Congenital Syphilis ```

Question 26

Characteristic feature of Primary Syphilis

Answer 26

Chancre at site of inoculation Hard and painless Highly infectious

Question 27

Characteristic feature of Secondary Syphilis

Answer 27

Skin Rash

Question 28

Characteristic feature of Tertiary Syphilis

Answer 28

Slow, progressive, destructive inflammatory disease affecting the CNS (Neurosyphilis)

Question 29

Treatment of Choice for Syphilis

Answer 29

Penicillin

Question 30

Clinical Manifestation of Haemophilus ducreyi

Answer 30

Chancroid

Question 31

[ H. ducreyi vs. Syphilis] Chancre Differentitation

Answer 31

H. ducreyi causes a soft, painful chancroid

Question 32

Vaginal pH for Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 32

>= 5

Question 33

Gram stain of Gardnerella would present with this in Bacterial Vaginosis, how much should be present?

Answer 33

Clue Cells (>20% per HPF)

Question 34

Describe the Whiff Test for Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 34

10% KOH on vaginal discharge will produce a fish amine-like odor

Question 35

[Presence of Cell Wall] Mycoplasma

Answer 35

Absent

Question 36

Gonorrhea is more easily transmitted from female to males or vice-versa?

Answer 36

Males to Females 50% | Females to Males 20%

Question 37

Gonorrhea infects what % of people during first contact?

Answer 37

20-30%

Question 38

Prevention for Opthalmia Neonatorum

Answer 38

Application of 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline opthalmic ointment Silver nitrate can also be used but it is toxic and burns the skin so is discouraged

Question 39

Trachoma is caused by?

Answer 39

Chlamydia Serovar A B Ba C

Question 40

Lymphogranuloma Venerium is caused by?

Answer 40

Chlamydia Serovar LGV 1,2,3

Question 41

Elementary Bodies of C. trahchomantis infects?

Answer 41

Columnar Epithelial Cells

Question 42

First choice treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 42

Azithromycin | Doxycycline

Question 43

How do you visualize Treponema pallidum

Answer 43

Immunofluorescence | Dark Field Microscopy

Question 44

Condylomata lata are present in this infection

Answer 44

Syphilis

Question 45

Gummas are present in this infection

Answer 45

Syphilis

Question 46

Bubos are present in this infection

Answer 46

Chlamydia

Question 47

Clutton's Joints are present in this infection

Answer 47

Congenital Syphilis

Question 48

Culture for Treponema palldium

Answer 48

Animal Models

Question 49

"School of Fish" or "Railroad Tracks" Appearance

Answer 49

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 50

Medium for H. ducreyi

Answer 50

Chocolate agar supplemented with isovitale X in 5-10% CO2

Question 51

Normal site of chancroids in males

Answer 51

Foreskin

Question 52

Chancroid treatment

Answer 52

Azithromycin Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Erythromycin

Question 53

Characterized by "Safety Pin" or "Donovan Bodies"

Answer 53

Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis

Question 54

Organisms that increase in Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 54

Gardnerella vaginalis Bacteroides spp. Mobiluncus Peptostreptococcus

Question 55

[Gram Reaction] Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 55

Gram ( - )

Question 56

[Morphology] Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 56

Bacillus

Question 57

Incubation method for Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 57

Anaerobic jar or bag | Facultative anaerobe and grows slowly in carbon dioxide rich atmosphere

Question 58

Homogenous, non-viscous, milk-white vaginal discharge is characteristic of?

Answer 58

Bacterial Vaginosis

Question 59

Culture used to diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 59

Non-hemolytic on 5% Sheep Blood Agar B-Hemolysis on human bilayer and vaginalis agar

Question 60

A Nugent score of 0-3 is classified as?

Answer 60

Normal

Question 61

A Nugent score of 4-6 is classified as?

Answer 61

Intermediate

Question 62

A Nugent score of 7-10 is classified as?

Answer 62

Bacterial Vaginosis

Question 63

Drug of Choice for Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 63

Metronidazole | Trimetophrim