(7) Immunology

Question 1

Proteins secreted by many types of cells that regulate immune cells

Answer 1

Cytokines

Question 2

Antibacterial proteins secreted in sweat and within the lysosome

Answer 2

Lysozyme

Question 3

Any molecule that can bind to immune system component

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Several cell-surface proteins important in antigen presentation

Answer 4

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 5

The state of protection from infectious diseases

Answer 5

Immunity

Question 6

Cells and the mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens

Answer 6

Acquired immunity

Question 7

Cell’s movement in response to a chemical stimulus

Answer 7

Chemotaxis

Question 8

Cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner

Answer 8

Innate immunity

Question 9

Molecules that are unique to microbes that the innate immunity can recognize

Answer 9

Pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)

Question 10

Phagocyte which arises in the red bone marrow and acts against recognizes free antigen

Answer 10

B-cell

Question 11

Antigen binding molecule secreted by plasma cells

Answer 11

Antibody

Question 12

Primary lysosome fused with phagosome

Answer 12

Secondary lysosome

Question 13

Receptor expressed by innate phagocytic cells (i.e. neutrophils) that recognize general patterns

Answer 13

PAMP receptor

Question 14

Type of nonspecific defensive leukocyte that secretes toxins onto the surfaces of virally infected cells and neoplasms

Answer 14

Natural killer cells

Question 15

Tissue damage by a wound or by an invading pathogenic microorganism induces a complex sequence of events known as an

Answer 15

Inflammatory response

Question 16

Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts against antigens presented in a MHC

Answer 16

T-cell

Question 17

Three dimensional region of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system

Answer 17

Epitope

Question 18

When an phagocytic cell undergoes the process of endocytosis

Answer 18

Phagocytosis

Question 19

An endosome produced by a phagocytic cell after phagocytosis

Answer 19

Phagosome

Question 20

Vesicle produced in the cytoplasm after invagination of the plasma membrane to surround contents outside the cell

Answer 20

Endosome

Question 21

An organelle with a low pH that contains digestive enzymes such as proteases, lipases, nucleases

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

A cellular process where a vesicle or the secondary lysosome membrane fuses with the plasma membrane releases vesicle contents outside the cell

Answer 22

Exocoytosis

Question 23

An antibody that is defined by the structure of the heavy chain and not by the variable region

Answer 23

Isotype

Question 24

A subset of T cells that have previously encountered and responded to antigen

Answer 24

Memory T cells

Question 25

An activated B cell that has proliferated and some of the proliferated B cells will differentiate into antibody factories (plasma cells) or memory B-cells, thus increasing the strength of the antibody response or preparation for later infections (respectively)

Answer 25

B cell clonal expansion

Question 26

Type of small agranulocyte which originates and matures in the red bone marrow or thymus and has nuclei that nearly fill the cell

Answer 26

Lymphocytes

Question 27

Phagocyte which arises in the red bone marrow and acts against recognizes free antigen

Answer 27

B cell

Question 28

Antigen binding molecule secreted by plasma cells

Answer 28

Antibody (immunoglobulin)

Question 29

Ability of a B cell to produce a different isotype against the same antigen

Answer 29

Antibody class switching

Question 30

Type of nonspecific defensive leukocyte that secretes toxins onto the surfaces of virally infected cells and neoplasms

Answer 30

Natural killer cells

Question 31

Lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and acts against antigens presented in a MHC

Answer 31

T-cell

Question 32

Three dimensional region of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system

Answer 32

Epitope

Question 33

Provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens and to mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered

Answer 33

Aquired immunity (adaptive immunity)