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Microbiology > (2) Microbiology Techniques > Flashcards

(2) Microbiology Techniques Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A nutrient used to grow microorganisms outside their natural habitat

A

Media

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2
Q

Teichoic acids with fatty acids that are anchored in the

A

Lipotechoic acids

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3
Q

A close association between two or more organisms that is often but not always mutually beneficial

A

Symbiosis

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4
Q

A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium arising from the multiplication of a single cell

A

Colony

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5
Q

Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell, of the gram positive genera

A

Endospore

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6
Q

5 carbon polyalcohols linked by phosphate groups linked to peptidoglycan

A

Techoic acids

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7
Q

Require at least 9% NaCl for growth

A

Obligate halophiles

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8
Q

The implantation of microorganisms into or onto culture media

A

Inoculation

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9
Q

The propagation of a multiple types of microorganisms in media

A

Mixed culture

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10
Q

The propagation of microorganisms in media including microbes that were not intended to be present in the media

A

Contaminated culture

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11
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which both members benefit from their interaction

A

Mutualism

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12
Q

Organism that can live with high salt concentrations

A

Halophiles

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13
Q

The propagation of microorganisms with various media

A

Culture

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14
Q

How many times larger the specimen is

A

Magnification

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15
Q

Media containing inoculants are placed in temperature-controlled chambers

A

Incubator

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16
Q

A common stain that is used to stain the background (the slide)

A

Negative stain

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17
Q

Bacteria that do not have peptidoglycan layers but have extra lipid components outside their plasma membrane are called

A

Acid fast bacteria

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18
Q

Organisms capable of living in harsh hot environments

A

Extremophiles

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19
Q

Area between outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer

A

Periplasmic space

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20
Q

Cannot grow without oxygen

A

Obligate aerobic

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21
Q

The difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background

A

Contrast

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22
Q

The propagation of a single type of microorganism in media

A

Pure culture

23
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit while harming or even killing a host

A

Parasite

24
Q

Resist salt but are not required to grow

A

Facultative halophiles

25
Q

Is a staining procedure that divides bacteria based on the physical characteristics of their cell wall

A

Gram stain

26
Q

The capacity of an optical system to distinguish or separate two adjacent points or objects from one another

A

Resolution (resolving power)

27
Q

Organism dependent on the biochemical machinery of the host cell for replication

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

28
Q

First step in the catabolism of glucose; products are then shuttled to respiration or fermentation

A

Glycolysis

29
Q

Solution has higher solute concentration than the other solution; net water moves towards this

A

Hypertonic solution

30
Q

Genetic technique used to amplify DNA fragments within a few hours

A

Polymerase chain reaction

31
Q

A logarithmic scale used for measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

pH scale

32
Q

In metabolism, the partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using an endogenous organic molecule rather than the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor

A

Fermentation

33
Q

Location on an enzyme where substrates bind and the reaction takes place

A

Active site

34
Q

Is the highest temperature at which growth will occur

A

Maximum growth temperature

35
Q

A substance that speeds up a reaction

A

Catalyst

36
Q

A substance that is dissolved in a liquid (solvent) to form a solution

A

Solute

37
Q

Type of synthesis reaction in which two smaller molecules are joined together by a covalent bond and a water molecule is released

A

Condensation reaction

38
Q

A liquid (the solvent) and its dissolved solutes

A

Solution

39
Q

The atoms, ions, or molecules that remain after a chemical reaction is complete

A

Product

40
Q

Solution has lower solute concentration than the other solution; net water moves away

A

Hypotonic solution

41
Q

Compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions

A

Acid

42
Q

The making or breaking of a chemical bond

A

Chemical reaction

43
Q

The substance that other substances (solute) are dissolved in. (Usually a liquid, sometimes a gas)

A

Solvent

44
Q

The atoms, ions, or molecules that exist at the beginning of a chemical reaction

A

Reactants

45
Q

Is the temperature at which the rate of cellular reproduction is most rapid

A

Optimum growth temperature

46
Q

Molecule that binds with hydrogen ions when dissolved in water or produces OH- ions

A

Bases

47
Q

A decomposition reaction in which a covalent bond is broken and the ionic components of water are added to the products

A

Hydrolysis

48
Q

Is the lowest temperature at which growth will occur

A

Minimum growth temperature

49
Q

Molecule(s) on which enzymes exert their catalytic action

A

Substrate

50
Q

Solutions have equal solute concentrations; no net movement of water

A

Isotonic solution

51
Q

The name of the covalent bond between two monosaccharides

A

Glysodic linkage

52
Q

Metabolic processes that involves full oxidation of glucose via a series of redox reactions

A

Cellular respiration

53
Q

Is an experimental process in which 2 complementary nucleic acid strands form a double helix

A

Hybridization

Microbiology (8 decks)

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