(2) Microbiology Techniques

Question 1

A nutrient used to grow microorganisms outside their natural habitat

Answer 1

Media

Question 2

Teichoic acids with fatty acids that are anchored in the

Answer 2

Lipotechoic acids

Question 3

A close association between two or more organisms that is often but not always mutually beneficial

Answer 3

Symbiosis

Question 4

A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium arising from the multiplication of a single cell

Answer 4

Colony

Question 5

Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell, of the gram positive genera

Answer 5

Endospore

Question 6

5 carbon polyalcohols linked by phosphate groups linked to peptidoglycan

Answer 6

Techoic acids

Question 7

Require at least 9% NaCl for growth

Answer 7

Obligate halophiles

Question 8

The implantation of microorganisms into or onto culture media

Answer 8

Inoculation

Question 9

The propagation of a multiple types of microorganisms in media

Answer 9

Mixed culture

Question 10

The propagation of microorganisms in media including microbes that were not intended to be present in the media

Answer 10

Contaminated culture

Question 11

Symbiotic relationship in which both members benefit from their interaction

Answer 11

Mutualism

Question 12

Organism that can live with high salt concentrations

Answer 12

Halophiles

Question 13

The propagation of microorganisms with various media

Answer 13

Culture

Question 14

How many times larger the specimen is

Answer 14

Magnification

Question 15

Media containing inoculants are placed in temperature-controlled chambers

Answer 15

Incubator

Question 16

A common stain that is used to stain the background (the slide)

Answer 16

Negative stain

Question 17

Bacteria that do not have peptidoglycan layers but have extra lipid components outside their plasma membrane are called

Answer 17

Acid fast bacteria

Question 18

Organisms capable of living in harsh hot environments

Answer 18

Extremophiles

Question 19

Area between outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer

Answer 19

Periplasmic space

Question 20

Cannot grow without oxygen

Answer 20

Obligate aerobic

Question 21

The difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background

Answer 21

Contrast

Question 22

The propagation of a single type of microorganism in media

Answer 22

Pure culture

Question 23

Symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit while harming or even killing a host

Answer 23

Parasite

Question 24

Resist salt but are not required to grow

Answer 24

Facultative halophiles

Question 25

Is a staining procedure that divides bacteria based on the physical characteristics of their cell wall

Answer 25

Gram stain

Question 26

The capacity of an optical system to distinguish or separate two adjacent points or objects from one another

Answer 26

Resolution (resolving power)

Question 27

Organism dependent on the biochemical machinery of the host cell for replication

Answer 27

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 28

First step in the catabolism of glucose; products are then shuttled to respiration or fermentation

Answer 28

Glycolysis

Question 29

Solution has higher solute concentration than the other solution; net water moves towards this

Answer 29

Hypertonic solution

Question 30

Genetic technique used to amplify DNA fragments within a few hours

Answer 30

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 31

A logarithmic scale used for measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 31

pH scale

Question 32

In metabolism, the partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using an endogenous organic molecule rather than the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor

Answer 32

Fermentation

Question 33

Location on an enzyme where substrates bind and the reaction takes place

Answer 33

Active site

Question 34

Is the highest temperature at which growth will occur

Answer 34

Maximum growth temperature

Question 35

A substance that speeds up a reaction

Answer 35

Catalyst

Question 36

A substance that is dissolved in a liquid (solvent) to form a solution

Answer 36

Solute

Question 37

Type of synthesis reaction in which two smaller molecules are joined together by a covalent bond and a water molecule is released

Answer 37

Condensation reaction

Question 38

A liquid (the solvent) and its dissolved solutes

Answer 38

Solution

Question 39

The atoms, ions, or molecules that remain after a chemical reaction is complete

Answer 39

Product

Question 40

Solution has lower solute concentration than the other solution; net water moves away

Answer 40

Hypotonic solution

Question 41

Compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions

Answer 41

Acid

Question 42

The making or breaking of a chemical bond

Answer 42

Chemical reaction

Question 43

The substance that other substances (solute) are dissolved in. (Usually a liquid, sometimes a gas)

Answer 43

Solvent

Question 44

The atoms, ions, or molecules that exist at the beginning of a chemical reaction

Answer 44

Reactants

Question 45

Is the temperature at which the rate of cellular reproduction is most rapid

Answer 45

Optimum growth temperature

Question 46

Molecule that binds with hydrogen ions when dissolved in water or produces OH- ions

Answer 46

Bases

Question 47

A decomposition reaction in which a covalent bond is broken and the ionic components of water are added to the products

Answer 47

Hydrolysis

Question 48

Is the lowest temperature at which growth will occur

Answer 48

Minimum growth temperature

Question 49

Molecule(s) on which enzymes exert their catalytic action

Answer 49

Substrate

Question 50

Solutions have equal solute concentrations; no net movement of water

Answer 50

Isotonic solution

Question 51

The name of the covalent bond between two monosaccharides

Answer 51

Glysodic linkage

Question 52

Metabolic processes that involves full oxidation of glucose via a series of redox reactions

Answer 52

Cellular respiration

Question 53

Is an experimental process in which 2 complementary nucleic acid strands form a double helix

Answer 53

Hybridization