(4) Controlling Microbes

Question 1

Permanent loss of reproductive capacity of a microorganism

Answer 1

Microbial death

Question 2

Antimetabolite drug that is a structural analog of para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and inhibits DNA synthesis

Answer 2

Sulfonamide

Question 3

Antibacterial agent that inhibits topoisomerases that causes problems with DNA integrity

Answer 3

Ciprofoxacin

Question 4

The eradication of all organisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses although not prions, in or on an object(s)

Answer 4

Sterilization

Question 5

An antibacterial drug that inhibits transpeptidase and therefore, bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer 5

Penicillin

Question 6

Target a specific group

Answer 6

Narrow-spectrum drugs

Question 7

The short lengths of lagging strand DNA produced by discontinuous replication

Answer 7

Okazaki fragments

Question 8

Compound derived from phenol molecules that have been chemically modified to denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes in a wide variety of pathogens

Answer 8

Phenolic

Question 9

Eukaryotic regulatory proteins that help RNA polymerase II find and bind to the promoter

Answer 9

Transcription factors

Question 10

The process of disinfecting surfaces and utensils used by the public

Answer 10

Sanitization

Question 11

Antibacterial drug that inhibits the enzyme transglycoslyase and therefore synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

Answer 11

Vancomycin

Question 12

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit by blocking the movement of the ribosome and the exit tunnel

Answer 12

Macrolides

Question 13

Physical or chemical agent used to inhibit or destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects or living organisms

Answer 13

Disinfect

Question 14

The new DNA strand synthesized discontinuously during replication in the direction opposite of helicase

Answer 14

Lagging strand

Question 15

A DNA nucleotide chain used in DNA replication for the assembly of a complementary chain

Answer 15

DNA template

Question 16

The inhibition or killing of microorganisms on skin or tissue

Answer 16

Antisepsis

Question 17

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit and blocking the peptide bond formation

Answer 17

Lincosamide

Question 18

Chemical used to inhibit or kill microorganisms on skin or tissue

Answer 18

Antiseptic

Question 19

The mechanical removal of microbes from a surface by scrubbing

Answer 19

Degerming

Question 20

The use of heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of microorganisms in or spoilage by microorganisms in food and beverages

Answer 20

Pasteurization

Question 21

Triplet of mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 21

Codon

Question 22

A measurement of the efficacy of an antimicrobial agent

Answer 22

Microbial death rate

Question 23

Antimetabolite drug that is a structural analog of dihydrofolate that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and prevents purine and thymidine synthesis

Answer 23

Trimethoprim

Question 24

An enzyme that relieves the over twisting and strain of DNA ahead of the replication fork

Answer 24

Topoisomerase

Question 25

Characteristic of an environment that is free of contamination by a pathogen

Answer 25

Aseptic

Question 26

Method of evaluating the effectiveness of a disinfectant or antiseptic that compares the agent’s efficacy to that of phenol

Answer 26

Phenol coefficient

Question 27

Process in which the sequence of genetic information carried by mRNA is used by ribosomes to construct polypeptides with specific amino acid sequences

Answer 27

Translation

Question 28

A chemical that acts to reduce the surface tension of solvents such as water by decreasing the attraction among solvent molecules

Answer 28

Surfactants

Question 29

The smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit a pathogen

Answer 29

Minimal inhibitory concentration

Question 30

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by changing the shape of the 30S ribosomal subunit

Answer 30

Aminoglycoside

Question 31

Antibacterial agent that inhibits enolypyruvate transferase and the synthesis of the cell wall

Answer 31

Fosfomycin

Question 32

The new DNA strand synthesized during replication in the direction of helicase

Answer 32

Leading strand

Question 33

The smallest amount of a drug that will kill a pathogen

Answer 33

Minimal bactericidal concentration

Question 34

The use of physical or chemical agents (disinfectants) to inhibit or destroy microorganisms

Answer 34

Disinfections

Question 35

Kill or inhibit the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms but not vertebrate cells

Answer 35

Antibiotic selectively toxic

Question 36

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the tRNA docking site

Answer 36

Tetracyclines

Question 37

Enzyme that catalyzes the production of RNA by linking RNA nucleotides that are complementary to genetic sequences in DNA

Answer 37

RNA polymerase

Question 38

Regulatory region on DNA where RNA polymerase is recruited

Answer 38

Promoter

Question 39

Effective against more than one group of bacteria

Answer 39

Broad-spectrum drugs

Question 40

Antimicrobial agent dissolved in alcohol

Answer 40

Tincture

Question 41

One of four very reactive, non-metallic chemical elements: iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine

Answer 41

Halogens

Question 42

Preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota

Answer 42

Probiotics

Question 43

A short nucleotide chain made of RNA that is laid down as the first series of nucleotides in a new DNA strand

Answer 43

Primer

Question 44

An enzyme that assembles the primer for a new DNA strand during DNA replication

Answer 44

Primase

Question 45

Antimicrobial agent that binds to bacterial RNA polymerase and prevents transcription

Answer 45

Rifampin

Question 46

Enzyme that catalyzes the production of DNA by linking DNA nucleotides that are complementary to genetic sequences in DNA (template)

Answer 46

DNA polymerase

Question 47

An enzyme that catalyzes a phosphodiester bond between DNA nucleotides

Answer 47

Ligase

Question 48

A unit that contains a 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen containing base and at least 1 phosphate

Answer 48

Deoxyribonucleotides

Question 49

An enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds of a DNA template strand

Answer 49

DNA helices

Question 50

A site on DNA template strand that tells RNA polymerase to fall off

Answer 50

Termination sequence