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Microbiology > (4) Controlling Microbes > Flashcards

(4) Controlling Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Permanent loss of reproductive capacity of a microorganism

A

Microbial death

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2
Q

Antimetabolite drug that is a structural analog of para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and inhibits DNA synthesis

A

Sulfonamide

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3
Q

Antibacterial agent that inhibits topoisomerases that causes problems with DNA integrity

A

Ciprofoxacin

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4
Q

The eradication of all organisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses although not prions, in or on an object(s)

A

Sterilization

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5
Q

An antibacterial drug that inhibits transpeptidase and therefore, bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillin

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6
Q

Target a specific group

A

Narrow-spectrum drugs

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7
Q

The short lengths of lagging strand DNA produced by discontinuous replication

A

Okazaki fragments

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8
Q

Compound derived from phenol molecules that have been chemically modified to denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes in a wide variety of pathogens

A

Phenolic

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9
Q

Eukaryotic regulatory proteins that help RNA polymerase II find and bind to the promoter

A

Transcription factors

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10
Q

The process of disinfecting surfaces and utensils used by the public

A

Sanitization

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11
Q

Antibacterial drug that inhibits the enzyme transglycoslyase and therefore synthesis of the bacterial cell wall

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit by blocking the movement of the ribosome and the exit tunnel

A

Macrolides

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13
Q

Physical or chemical agent used to inhibit or destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects or living organisms

A

Disinfect

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14
Q

The new DNA strand synthesized discontinuously during replication in the direction opposite of helicase

A

Lagging strand

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15
Q

A DNA nucleotide chain used in DNA replication for the assembly of a complementary chain

A

DNA template

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16
Q

The inhibition or killing of microorganisms on skin or tissue

A

Antisepsis

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17
Q

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the ribosomal 50S subunit and blocking the peptide bond formation

A

Lincosamide

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18
Q

Chemical used to inhibit or kill microorganisms on skin or tissue

A

Antiseptic

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19
Q

The mechanical removal of microbes from a surface by scrubbing

A

Degerming

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20
Q

The use of heat to kill pathogens and reduce the number of microorganisms in or spoilage by microorganisms in food and beverages

A

Pasteurization

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21
Q

Triplet of mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

A

Codon

22
Q

A measurement of the efficacy of an antimicrobial agent

A

Microbial death rate

23
Q

Antimetabolite drug that is a structural analog of dihydrofolate that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and prevents purine and thymidine synthesis

A

Trimethoprim

24
Q

An enzyme that relieves the over twisting and strain of DNA ahead of the replication fork

A

Topoisomerase

25
Q

Characteristic of an environment that is free of contamination by a pathogen

A

Aseptic

26
Q

Method of evaluating the effectiveness of a disinfectant or antiseptic that compares the agent’s efficacy to that of phenol

A

Phenol coefficient

27
Q

Process in which the sequence of genetic information carried by mRNA is used by ribosomes to construct polypeptides with specific amino acid sequences

A

Translation

28
Q

A chemical that acts to reduce the surface tension of solvents such as water by decreasing the attraction among solvent molecules

A

Surfactants

29
Q

The smallest amount of a drug that will inhibit a pathogen

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration

30
Q

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by changing the shape of the 30S ribosomal subunit

A

Aminoglycoside

31
Q

Antibacterial agent that inhibits enolypyruvate transferase and the synthesis of the cell wall

A

Fosfomycin

32
Q

The new DNA strand synthesized during replication in the direction of helicase

A

Leading strand

33
Q

The smallest amount of a drug that will kill a pathogen

A

Minimal bactericidal concentration

34
Q

The use of physical or chemical agents (disinfectants) to inhibit or destroy microorganisms

A

Disinfections

35
Q

Kill or inhibit the actions or synthesis of molecules in microorganisms but not vertebrate cells

A

Antibiotic selectively toxic

36
Q

Antimicrobial agent that inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the tRNA docking site

A

Tetracyclines

37
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the production of RNA by linking RNA nucleotides that are complementary to genetic sequences in DNA

A

RNA polymerase

38
Q

Regulatory region on DNA where RNA polymerase is recruited

A

Promoter

39
Q

Effective against more than one group of bacteria

A

Broad-spectrum drugs

40
Q

Antimicrobial agent dissolved in alcohol

A

Tincture

41
Q

One of four very reactive, non-metallic chemical elements: iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine

A

Halogens

42
Q

Preparations of live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota

A

Probiotics

43
Q

A short nucleotide chain made of RNA that is laid down as the first series of nucleotides in a new DNA strand

A

Primer

44
Q

An enzyme that assembles the primer for a new DNA strand during DNA replication

A

Primase

45
Q

Antimicrobial agent that binds to bacterial RNA polymerase and prevents transcription

A

Rifampin

46
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the production of DNA by linking DNA nucleotides that are complementary to genetic sequences in DNA (template)

A

DNA polymerase

47
Q

An enzyme that catalyzes a phosphodiester bond between DNA nucleotides

A

Ligase

48
Q

A unit that contains a 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogen containing base and at least 1 phosphate

A

Deoxyribonucleotides

49
Q

An enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds of a DNA template strand

A

DNA helices

50
Q

A site on DNA template strand that tells RNA polymerase to fall off

A

Termination sequence

Microbiology (8 decks)

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