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NASM CPT > 7: Human Movement Science > Flashcards

7: Human Movement Science Flashcards

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1
Q

___ : Relatively closer to midline of body

A

Medial

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2
Q

____: relatively farther away from the midline (or towards outside of body)

A

Lateral

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3
Q

-______: positioned on opposite sides of the body

Counter

A

Contralateral

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4
Q

____: positioned on the same side of the body

in-line

A

Ipsilateral

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5
Q

____: positioned on or toward the front of the body

A

Anterior

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6
Q

___: positioned on or toward the back of the body

A

Posterior

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7
Q

____: positioned nearest the center of the body or other identified reference point

A

Proximal

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8
Q

_____: positioned farthest from the center of the body or other identified reference point

A

Distal

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9
Q

____: positioned below and identified reference point

A

Inferior

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10
Q

_____: positioned above an identified reference point

A

Superior

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11
Q

____ is a movement in which the inferior calcaneus moves medially (bottom of foot faces inward)

A

Inversion

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12
Q

____ is a movement in which the inferior calcaneus moves laterally (bottom of foot faces outward)

A

Eversion

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13
Q

Define Lateral Flexion:

A

Bending of the spine from side to side

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14
Q

Define adduction:

A

movement of the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

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15
Q

____ is the movement of the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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16
Q

___ _____: an imaginary bisector dividing front and back body halves. Movement includes ab/adduction and side to side motions

A

Frontal plane

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17
Q

Define plantar flexion:

A

Extension at the ankle pointing downward

pointing toes downward

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18
Q

Define dorsiflexion;

A

Flexion occuring at the ankle, pulling upward

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19
Q

Define hyperextension:

A

Joint extension beyond the normal limit/ROM

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20
Q

Define extension:

A

Straightening movement where relative angle between adjacent segments increases

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21
Q

___ is defined as bending movement where relative angle between adjacent angle decreases:

A

Flexion

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22
Q

Define sagittal plane:

A

Imaginary bisector dividing the left and right body halves

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23
Q

T/F

Osteokinematics is movement of the limb that is visible

A

True

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24
Q

T/F

Arthrokinematics is the description of joint surface movements consisting of rolls, slides, and spins

A

True

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25
Q

T/F

Arthrokinematics is movement of the limb that is visible

A

False!

That is Osteokinematics.

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26
Q

This is the collective components and structures working together to move the body; muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems

A

HMS

Human Movement System

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27
Q

Define Kinetic chain:

A

concept that describes the human body as a chain of independent links working together to perform movement

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28
Q

The ___ ___ ___:

the concept describing integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body:

A

Regional Interdependence Model

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29
Q

_____ the science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the human body and effects produced by these forces

A

Biomechanics

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30
Q

Define kinesiology:

A

the study of movements related to anatomy and physiology

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31
Q

_____ is the study of movements related to anatomy and physiology

A

kinesiology

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32
Q

_______ _______ is the position with body erect, arms at the sides, and palms forward. Position of reference for anatomic nomenclature

A

Anatomic Position

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33
Q

_______ _______ is a motor Neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A

Motor Unit

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34
Q

Define Eccentric Muscle Action:

A

Muscle Action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

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35
Q

T/F

Hypermobility is limited range of motion at a joint

A

False!

Hypomobility

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36
Q

T/F
Hypermobility is a lack of neuromuscular support leading to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of injury

A

True

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37
Q

_____ _____ is the normal extensibility of soft tissues allowing for full range of motion of a joint

A

Flexibility

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38
Q

_____ _____ is the ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched

A

Elasticity

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39
Q

Define Ligament:

A

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

40
Q

Define Scapular Elevation:

A

Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae

41
Q

Define Scapular Depression:

A

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae

42
Q

Define Scapular Protraction:

A

Abduction of scapulae where shoulder blades move away from midline

43
Q

Define Scapular Retraction:

A

Adduction of scapulae where shoulder blades move toward the midline

44
Q

_____ is a biomechanical motion of lower extremities, during walking, running, and sprinting

A

Gait

45
Q

_______ __ ______ is a multiplanar movement of the foot-ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, and ankle adduction; associated with force production

A

Supination of Foot

46
Q

_____ __ ______ is a multiplanar movement of the foot-ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction; associated with force reduction

A

Pronation of Foot

47
Q

Define Radioulnar Supination:

A

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position

48
Q

_____ _____ is the inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up positon to a palm-down position

A

Radioulnar Pronation

49
Q

_____ _____ is the movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral positon to an anterior position

A

Horizontal Adduction

50
Q

Define Horizontal Abduction:

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior postion to a lateral position

51
Q

Define external Rotation:

A

Rotation of a body segment away from the midline of body

52
Q

_____ _____ is the rotation of a body segment toward the midline of body

A

Internal Rotation

53
Q

_____ _____ is an imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

A

Transverse Plane

54
Q

_____ are muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles

A

Antagonists

55
Q

Define Feed-forward activation:

A

when muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement

56
Q

_____ are muscles that contract isometrically to keep the trunk and joints steady as the body moves

A

Stabilizers

57
Q

Define synergists:

A

muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement

58
Q

T/F

Agonists are the primary muscle providing force for a movement

A

True

59
Q

T/F

Antagonists and synergists work together to provide a primary movement to a muscle

A

False!

Agonists and synergists work together

60
Q

_____ _____ _____ is the full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement

A

Muscle Action Spectrum

61
Q

Define Core:

A

structures that make up the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC); includes the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, abdomen, and hip joint

62
Q

Define Isometric Muscle Action:

A

When muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in muscle length

63
Q

_____ _____ _____ is a muscle action that occurs when muscle is exerting force greater than resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle

A

Concentric Muscle Action

64
Q

_____ _____ _____ is to move with efficiency, forces must be dampened (eccentrically), stabilized (isometrically), and then accelerated (concentrically)

A

Integrated performance paradigm

65
Q

Define Stretch reflex:

A

Neurological signal from the muscle spindle that causes a muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengenthing

66
Q

_____ _____ is the transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading during the stretch-shortening cycle

A

Amortization Phase

67
Q

_____ _____ _____ is a springlike noncontractole component of muscle and tendon that stores elastic energy

A

Series Elastic Component

68
Q

_____-_____ _____ is loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction

A

stretch-shortening cycle

69
Q

_____ _____ The optional resting position of a joint that allows it to function efficiently through its entire normal range of motion

A

Neutral Position

70
Q

Define Muscle imbalances:

A

when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

71
Q

_____ _____ _____ occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist

A

Altered reciprocal inhibition

72
Q

Define Reciprocal inhibition:

A

when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen

73
Q

_____ _____ _____ is when a muscle’s resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce

A

Altered length-tension relationship

74
Q

Define Muscle Balance:

A

When all muscles surrounding a joint have optimal length-tension relationships, allowing the joint to rest in a neutral position

75
Q

_____ structural unit of a myofibril composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines

A

Sarcomere

76
Q

T/F

Myosin is the thin, stringlike, myofilament that acts along with Actin to produce muscular contraction

A

False!

Actin is the thin myofilament silly :’D

77
Q

T/F

Myosin is the thick myofilament that acts along with actin to produce muscular contraction

A

True!

Great Job :)

78
Q

Define Resting length:

A

legnth of a muscle when it is not actively contracting or being stretched

79
Q

Define Length-Tension relationship:

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

80
Q

_____ is an influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

A

Force

81
Q

Define Tendon:

A

a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

82
Q

_____-_____ _____ is the syenrgistic aaction of multiple muscles working together to produce movement around a joint

A

Force-couple relationship

83
Q

_____ _____ _____ are muscular stabilization systems located in joints distal of the spine

A

Joint support systems

84
Q

_____ _____is movement of the bone around the joints

A

Rotary Motion

85
Q

Define Torque:

A

a foece that produces rotation; common unit of measurement is the Newton meter (Nm)

86
Q

Define Motor Behavior:

A

motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

87
Q

Define Motor Control:

A

how the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

88
Q

_____ _____ is the integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled motor behavior

A

Motor Learning

89
Q

_____ _____ is the change in skilled motor behavior over time throughout the life span

A

Motor Development

90
Q

_____ _____ are groups of muscles that are recruited simultaneously by the central nervous system to provide movement

A

Muscle synergies

ergies to syn as a group

91
Q

_____ are specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves

A

Mechanoreceptors

92
Q

Define Proprioception:

A

the body’s ability to be able to detect its general orientation and its relative position of its parts

93
Q

_____ _____ is the cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement

A

Sensorimotor integration

94
Q

_____ the use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning

A

Feedback

95
Q

_____ _____ the process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

A

Internal Feedback

environmental movement

96
Q

_____ _____ is information provided by some outside source, such as a fitness professional, video, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment

A

External Feedback

97
Q

_____ _____ the ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body’s structure in all three planes of motion

A

Neuromuscular Efficiency

NASM CPT (23 decks)

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