7- human diet Flashcards
what are the different nutrients and their uses
- carbs: energy from respiration
- fats: energy from respiration; energy store
- proteins: growth and tissue repair
- vitamins: (later)
- mineral ions: (later)
- water: solvent
- fibres: easy passage of waste through gut
what is balanced diet?
a diet that contains all your essential nutrients in the correct amount
what effects the variations in energy requirements?
- age
- sex
- activity levels
- pregnancy
what is malnutrition
poor nutrition
what are diseases caused by over-nutrition
1: obesity
2: CHD
name the organs of the alimentary canal and their functions
- mouth: where saliva is produced
- oesophagus: muscular that connects the mouth to the stomach
- stomach: (later)
- pancreas: produces amylase, protease and lipase
- liver: produces bile
- gall bladder: stores the bile
- SI: absorption, and some digestion
- LI: excess water is absorbed
define mechanical digestion and ingestion
- mechanical digestion: break down of food substances into smaller food substances without the action of enzymes
- ingestion: the taking in food substances into the body with the mouth
state and explain the structure of the tooth
- enamel: hard outer layer
- dentine: softer material that forms most of the tooth
- gum: soft tissue that surrounds the tooth and protects the tooth
- cement: bone-like that holds the tooth in place
- pulp: soft tissue that contains nerves and blood vessels
- bone: where tooth is rooted
what is chemical digestion
break down of large food substances into smaller food substances by action of enzymes
what is bile and state its functions
liquid that is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
________________________________________________________
- neutralises the HCl from the stomach
- emulsifies fats into tiny droplets to increase SA and increase actoin oof the enzyme
what is absorption and where does it happen
- it is the movement of nutrients and ions from SI to the blood stream
- it occurs mostly in the SI
how is the SI adapted for absorption?
- villi and microvilli to increase SA
- lacteal inside villi to absorb the fats
- mitochondria for respiration for active transport
- network of veins and capillaries for quick absorption
define assimilation and egestion
- assimilation: the movement of of digested food molecules into the cells where they are used
- egestion: passing out of undigested foods
types of vitamins and their uses
- C : Tissue repair, immune response and prevents scurvy
- D : needed for calcium absorption
