23- genetic engineering & biotech

Question 1

define genetic engineering

Answer 1

1. changing an organisms genes

Question 2

how is insulin produced by bacteria?

Answer 2

1. Insulin is isolated by restriction enzyme to create sticky ends
2. same enzyme is used to cut a bacteria plasmid, to create complimentary sticky ends the bacteria
3. both are put together to create a recombinant plasmid, using ligase enzyme.
4. the plasmid is inserted in the bacteria to create more

Question 3

why is bacteria useful in GE?

Answer 3

1. not much space needed
2. no ethical issues
3. cheap
4. reproduce quickly
5. able to make complex molecules
6. have plasmids

Question 4

adv of genetically modified crops.

Answer 4

1. herbicide and insect resistant
2. greater yield
3. additional nutritional value

Question 5

dis of genetically modified crops

Answer 5

1. herbicide restant weeds
2. unforeseen problems passed to off-spring
3. might harm human health
4. expensive

Question 6

How does yeast help in making bread

Answer 6

1. yeast mixed with water, flour and carbs to make dough in a warm place.
2. Enzymes break down carbs to sugars.
3. yeast aerobically respires the sugars, releasing CO2.
4. When oxygen runs out , yeast respires anaerobically, releasing ethanol and CO2.
5. The gas expands the dough.
6. The yeast is killed in the oven

Question 7

what enzyme is used in fruit extraction?

Answer 7

pectinase, which breaks down the walls of fruits and vegetables for easier extraction.

Question 8

other industrial uses of biotech enzymes

Answer 8

biological washing powders that remove stains from clothes.
effective at low temp because they contain enzymes.

Question 9

uses of biotech enzymes in milk products

Answer 9

lactase used to break lactose into glucose and galactose, for lactose-intolerant people

Question 10

other uses of biotech in medicine

Answer 10

penicillin antibiotic made from fungi