7 – Geologic Structures Flashcards
the result of the powerful tectonic forces that occur within the earth.
Geologic Structures
the separation in a geologic formation that divides the rock into two or more pieces
FRACTURE
planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement
Fault
fault forms under tension.
Normal fault
fault forms under compression.
Reverse fault
fault forms when components moves in opposite directions horizontally.
Strike-slip fault/transform fault
a visible exposure of a bedrock at the surface, or the area of a rock lying directly beneath a soil cover.
Outcrop
rock fractures with no movement along them. They are generally formed by tectonic stressing and are developed in nearly all rocks
Joints
are fracture dividing rock into two sections that have not moved away from each other, with little to no displacements.
Joints
occur when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.
Folds
when the fold is concave downwards.
Anticline
when the fold is concave upwards.
Syncline
are asymmetrical hills of beds of strong rocks, exposed by differential erosion of weaker rocks above and below.
Escarpment or cuestas
Occurs from faulting and resulting erosion and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations.
Escarpment or cuestas
