4 - Igneous rocks Flashcards
rocks derived from molten magma/lava that flows from the interior of the earth
Igneous rocks
mother of all other rocks and souls
Igneous rocks
a greek word that means “a mixture”
Magma
Molten rock that is still underground
Magma
Greek word that means “to knead”
Massein
Latin word of lava
Labes
Labes means?
to fall or to slide
Molten rock after it has eruption
Lava
Types of volcanic eruption:
Violent and explosive
Silent and effusive
a collection of volcanic materials regadless of composition, fragment size or mechanism of ejection
Tephra
Airborne fragments
Pyroclasts
What will happen after pyroclastic flow
Extrusive formation
Intrusive formation
form when magma is extruded onto the earth’s surface to create a volcano
Extrusive igneous rocks
formed when magma solidifies below the surface of the earth
Intrusive igneous rocks
also known as volcanic rocks
cooling is quick
crystals formed are small
extrusive
also known as plutonic rocks
cooling is slow
Intrusive
Basaltic lava flow characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks
Aa
Basaltic lava flow that has a smooth, billowy, undulating surface. Formed due to a very fluid lava
Pahoehoe
Similar to Aa, but more viscous. Forming smooth sided angular blocks of solidified lava
Block lava
formed by viscous magma being erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling up around the vent
Lava dome
formed when lava emerges from an underwater volcanic vent or sub-glacial volcanoes
Pillow lava
dome shaped mass of magma intruded between strata
Laccoliths
huge mass of intrusive wocks which are exposed by erosion at the surface
Batholiths
snaller sheet of intrusions formed where magma has flowed into a fissure
Dikes/dykes
sheet intrusions parallel to the bedding of the rocks into which the magma was intruded
Sills
forms when magma hardens within a vent of an active volcano
volcanic neck
special type of simple volcanoes which have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit
Cinder cone
