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Engineering Geology > 4 - Igneous rocks > Flashcards

4 - Igneous rocks Flashcards

1
Q

rocks derived from molten magma/lava that flows from the interior of the earth

A

Igneous rocks

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2
Q

mother of all other rocks and souls

A

Igneous rocks

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3
Q

a greek word that means “a mixture”

A

Magma

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4
Q

Molten rock that is still underground

A

Magma

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5
Q

Greek word that means “to knead”

A

Massein

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6
Q

Latin word of lava

A

Labes

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7
Q

Labes means?

A

to fall or to slide

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8
Q

Molten rock after it has eruption

A

Lava

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9
Q

Types of volcanic eruption:

A

Violent and explosive

Silent and effusive

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10
Q

a collection of volcanic materials regadless of composition, fragment size or mechanism of ejection

A

Tephra

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11
Q

Airborne fragments

A

Pyroclasts

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12
Q

What will happen after pyroclastic flow

A

Extrusive formation

Intrusive formation

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13
Q

form when magma is extruded onto the earth’s surface to create a volcano

A

Extrusive igneous rocks

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14
Q

formed when magma solidifies below the surface of the earth

A

Intrusive igneous rocks

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15
Q

also known as volcanic rocks
cooling is quick
crystals formed are small

A

extrusive

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16
Q

also known as plutonic rocks

cooling is slow

A

Intrusive

17
Q

Basaltic lava flow characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks

A

Aa

18
Q

Basaltic lava flow that has a smooth, billowy, undulating surface. Formed due to a very fluid lava

A

Pahoehoe

19
Q

Similar to Aa, but more viscous. Forming smooth sided angular blocks of solidified lava

A

Block lava

20
Q

formed by viscous magma being erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling up around the vent

A

Lava dome

21
Q

formed when lava emerges from an underwater volcanic vent or sub-glacial volcanoes

A

Pillow lava

22
Q

dome shaped mass of magma intruded between strata

A

Laccoliths

23
Q

huge mass of intrusive wocks which are exposed by erosion at the surface

A

Batholiths

24
Q

snaller sheet of intrusions formed where magma has flowed into a fissure

A

Dikes/dykes

25
Q

sheet intrusions parallel to the bedding of the rocks into which the magma was intruded

A

Sills

26
Q

forms when magma hardens within a vent of an active volcano

A

volcanic neck

27
Q

special type of simple volcanoes which have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit

A

Cinder cone

Engineering Geology (10 decks)

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