Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Section 4 > 7 – Ear and Guttural Pouches > Flashcards

7 – Ear and Guttural Pouches Flashcards

1
Q

Ear is a:

A

-vestibulocochlear organ
*both hearing and BALANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Middle and inner ear within:

A

-temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 parts of external ear:

A

-auricles (pinna)
-cutaneous MARGINAL pouch (Henry’s pocket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Auricles:

A

-visible part of ear
-in domestic animals, each can INDEPENDENTLY turn toward sound by auricular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Auricular muscles:

A

-directly or indirectly (through SCUTIFORM cartilage) pull ear
-innervated by facial nerve (VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cutaneous marginal pouch:

A

-in cat and some dog
-should be checked for parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Auricular cartilage:

A

-supports and shapes auricle
-PERFORATED to allow vessels across
-funnel-shaped (rolled up to channel sound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parts of auricular cartilage:

A

-tragus and antitragus cartilages
-intertragic and pretragic notches (incisures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

External acoustic meatus (EAM):

A

-ear canal
-passageway connecting pinna to ear drum
*7cm long in dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

EAM begins where:

A

-rolled up part of auricular cartilage narrows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EAM ends at:

A

-tympanic membrane (ear drum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dog and cat canal angles:

A

-like a hockey stick
>sharply turns ROSTRO-MEDIALLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Otoscope in dog and cats:

A

-hard to do
-must straighten canal by pulling ear first caudally then ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EAM lined by:

A

-skin with holocrine (sebaceous) and apocrine (ceruminous-earwax) glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EAM parts:

A

-cartilaginous
-osseous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cartilaginous part of EAM:

A

-rolled up part of auricular cartilage
-ANNULAR cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osseous part of EAM:

A

-PETROUS temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Middle ear: tympanic membrane

A

-separates external ear from CAVITY of middle ear
-stretched across lumen of body ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tympanic membrane SA:

A

*10x15mm
-SLANTED
>dorsal part more lateral than ventral part
*SA is larger than diameter of ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Layers of tympanic membrane:

A

-outer surface continuous with EPIDERMIS of canal
-middle fibrous layer
-medial surface continuous with mucosa of tympanic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Handle of malleolus is EMBEDDED:

A

-in medial surface of eardrum
-shines through

22
Q

What pulls eardrum medially?

A

-tension by ossicles

23
Q

Chorda tympani nerve:

A

-crosses MEDIAL side of eardrum

24
Q

Tympanic cavity:

A

-small air-filled space in temporal bone
-lined by MUCOSA
-divided into dorsal, medial and ventral parts

25
Dorsal tympanic cavity:
-3 auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) -2 muscles (stapedius, tensor tympani)
26
Middle tympanic cavity:
-eardrum laterally -opens rostrally to NASOPHARYNX by auditory tube
27
Ventral tympanic cavity:
-enlarged bulbous part of TEMPORAL bone: tympanic bulla
28
Tympanic bulla:
-varies in different species -some: divided into bony cells -may help with very low or very high frequencies
29
What is exposed in the tympanic cavity?
-part of facial nerve (VII) and its branch, chorda tympani *VII can be affected by severe otitis media
30
Chorda tympani:
-branch off facial nerve *taste from ROSTRAL 2/3rd of tongue
31
Auditory tube:
-Eustachian tube -passageway connecting tympanic cavity to nasopharynx -narrow lumen -inverted TROUGH-shaped cartilage support -small muscle bundles DILATE opening
32
Pharyngeal openings of auditory tubes:
-have lymphoid tissue (tubal tonsils)
33
Cartilage of auditory tube:
-extends to stiffen pharyngeal opening >in dog: opening are 0.5cm and on top of small pimple-like elevations
34
Horse auditory tube:
*opens are 3cm
35
Auditory tube function:
-allow equalization of pressures on 2 sides of ear drums -momentarily open during swallowing or yawning
36
Guttural pouch:
-unique to horse -pair of diverticular of auditory tubes -thin-wall sacs, (each 300-500mL air) -L and R do NOT communicate *floor molded over STYLOHYOID to incompletely divide into medial and lateral compartments
37
Guttural pouch formed by:
-EXPANSION of tube’s mucosa thru a ventral slit between sides of cartilages
38
Dorsally guttural pouch:
-between base of skull and ATLAS
39
Ventrally guttural pouch:
-pharynx and retropharyngeal lymph nodes
40
Laterally guttural pouch:
-PTERYGOID muscles -parotid and mandibular salivary glands
41
Medially guttural pouch:
-lower parts of R and L meet: forming a thin median septum -upper parts separated by muscles >rectus capitis ventails and longus capitis
42
Medial compartment of guttural pouch:
-internal carotid -cranial nerves: glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII) -sympathetic trunk and cranial cervical ganglion
43
Lateral compartment of guttural pouch:
-external carotid artery and branches (maxillary and superficial temporal arteries) -brief contact with facial nerve (VII)
44
Function of guttural pouch:
-extensive contact between INTERNAL carotid artery and very thin pouch wall COOLS major blood supply to brain *causes a 2degree C drop in blood during intense exercise
45
Guttural pouch endoscopic view through:
-ventral meatus into FLAP and into GP to examine, drain or levage
46
GP clinical implication in foal:
-if flap has excess mucosal folds, it may act as a 1 way valve >only let air in, so GP becomes visibly extended >*GP TYMPANY
47
Grazing and GP:
-allows normal GP draining
48
If GP is blocked:
-fluid accumulates and infection can follow or spread from middle ear or lymph nodes
49
Erosive GP infection (mycosis) can cause:
-ruptured carotid artery (EPISTAXIS, usually fatal) -damaged pharyngeal branches of IX or X (dysphagia) -damaged laryngeal branches of X (‘roaring) -damaged sympathetic trunk (Horner’s syndrome)
50
Horner’s syndrome:
-nasal congestion -drooping of upper eyelid -protrusion of 3rd eyelid -pupil constriction -sweating -hot skin over affected side
51
Access GP by endoscopy or by open SURGERY thru Viborg’s triangle:
-caudal border of mandible -tendon of sternocephalicus -linguofacial vein

Anatomy Section 4 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions