3. Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Salivary Glands II Flashcards
Tongue mucosa:
-has papillae with mechanical and gustatory (taste) functions
Types of tongue mucosa papillae:
-filiform
-conical
-fungiform
-vallate (circumvallate)
-foliate
Filiform:
-mechanical
-most abundant
-soft-thread like
-covering most of tongue surface in humans and dogs
-more keratinized in herbivores
Conical:
-mechanical
-larger and modified filiform
-mostly on torus (hump of tongue) and caudal parts
Fungiform:
-gustatory
-dispersed among filiform
-become larger on each side
Vallate (circumvallate):
-gustatory
-in ox: a few on each side of caudal parts
Foliate:
-gustatory
*absent in cattle
Shape and size of tongue:
-corresponds to oral cavity
Ox tongue shape:
-torus
Horse tongue shape:
-spatula-like
Tongue papillae in dog:
-soft, carpeted with fine papillae
-tip spatulated
-filiform enlarge toward caudal parts
-tongue is pigmented
-has ‘lyssa’
Lyssa:
-J-shaped fibrous rod of ~3cm long
-embedded ventrosagittal to apex mucosa
-may aid in lapping
Fibrous septum extending from lyssa:
-responsible for the conspicuous median groove on upper surface
tongue papillae in cat:
-modified filiform are highly keratinized = *like rasp
When a cat grooms:
-hair pushed back to back of oral cavity (due to modified filiform)
>more hairballs in cats
Tongue papillae in horse:
-soft tongue
-no torus
-vallates are lobulated and only one on each side
Tongue papillae in llama:
-tip is soft (like horse)
-body carries a torus (like ox)
-vallate papillae are very large, only a couple on each side
Tongue papillae in newborn piglets:
-tongue fringed with modified filiform that are lace-like, marginal papillae
-seen up to about 2 weeks
-may help in fitting tongue around dam’s teat
-seen in piglets and some puppies
Salivary glands types:
- Parotid
- Mandibular
- Sublingual
- Zygomatic
Parotid salivary gland:
-almost entirely serous in most species (mixed in dogs)
-triangular and molds around base of ear
-parotid duct
Parotid duct:
-takes a short cut across the masseter muscle in dog
-opens in vestibule caudal to 4th upper premolar tooth
Mandibular salivary gland:
-mixed, but mostly mucous
-ovoid-shaped in dogs
>opens close to frenulum at sublingual caruncle
-has a fibrous capsule around it
-looks like a golf ball
Sublingual salivary gland:
-in some species
-has 2 parts
1. Monostomatic part
2. Polystomatic part
Monostomatic part of sublingual gland:
-one compact gland with one excretory duct
-close to mandibular gland
Monostomatic duct:
-travels with that of mandibular
-also open at sublingual caruncle
Polystomatic part of sublingual gland:
-diffuse glands with numerous small ducts
-open directly under the tongue
*horses only have polystomatic
Zygomatic salivary gland:
-modified enlarged dorsal buccal gland
-covered by zygomatic arch
Zygomatic duct:
-opens behind that of parotid (4th premolar or 1st molar)
*termed zygomatic only in carnivores
Salivary glands in ox:
-larger in herbivores
-cattle produce 100-200 L of salvia daily
-lymph nodes associated with some of the salivary glands
>important in meat inspection of head
Extensive buccal glands in ox:
-rather diffuse
-have numerous openings into vestibule
Comparative aspects of parotid:
-dog: triangular, large in others (especially pigs)
-all: begins from base of ear
Comparative aspects of parotid duct:
-dogs: travels across masseter
-others: follows the ventral border of masseter
Comparative aspects of mandibular:
-very large in cattle and horse
-partially covered by parotid
Comparative aspects of sublingual:
-horse: only polystomatic
-cattle: both are present and overlap (monstomatic continues more rostrally)
Comparative aspects of buccal:
-extensive in herbivores (especially in cattle)
-modified as zygomatic in carnivores
