3. Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Salivary Glands II

Question 1

Tongue mucosa:

Answer 1

-has papillae with mechanical and gustatory (taste) functions

Question 2

Types of tongue mucosa papillae:

Answer 2

-filiform
-conical
-fungiform
-vallate (circumvallate)
-foliate

Question 3

Filiform:

Answer 3

-mechanical
-most abundant
-soft-thread like
-covering most of tongue surface in humans and dogs
-more keratinized in herbivores

Question 4

Conical:

Answer 4

-mechanical
-larger and modified filiform
-mostly on torus (hump of tongue) and caudal parts

Question 5

Fungiform:

Answer 5

-gustatory
-dispersed among filiform
-become larger on each side

Question 6

Vallate (circumvallate):

Answer 6

-gustatory
-in ox: a few on each side of caudal parts

Question 7

Foliate:

Answer 7

-gustatory
*absent in cattle

Question 8

Shape and size of tongue:

Answer 8

-corresponds to oral cavity

Question 9

Ox tongue shape:

Answer 9

-torus

Question 10

Horse tongue shape:

Answer 10

-spatula-like

Question 11

Tongue papillae in dog:

Answer 11

-soft, carpeted with fine papillae
-tip spatulated
-filiform enlarge toward caudal parts
-tongue is pigmented
-has ‘lyssa’

Question 12

Lyssa:

Answer 12

-J-shaped fibrous rod of ~3cm long
-embedded ventrosagittal to apex mucosa
-may aid in lapping

Question 13

Fibrous septum extending from lyssa:

Answer 13

-responsible for the conspicuous median groove on upper surface

Question 14

tongue papillae in cat:

Answer 14

-modified filiform are highly keratinized = *like rasp

Question 15

When a cat grooms:

Answer 15

-hair pushed back to back of oral cavity (due to modified filiform)
>more hairballs in cats

Question 16

Tongue papillae in horse:

Answer 16

-soft tongue
-no torus
-vallates are lobulated and only one on each side

Question 17

Tongue papillae in llama:

Answer 17

-tip is soft (like horse)
-body carries a torus (like ox)
-vallate papillae are very large, only a couple on each side

Question 18

Tongue papillae in newborn piglets:

Answer 18

-tongue fringed with modified filiform that are lace-like, marginal papillae
-seen up to about 2 weeks
-may help in fitting tongue around dam’s teat
-seen in piglets and some puppies

Question 19

Salivary glands types:

Answer 19

1. Parotid
2. Mandibular
3. Sublingual
4. Zygomatic

Question 20

Parotid salivary gland:

Answer 20

-almost entirely serous in most species (mixed in dogs)
-triangular and molds around base of ear
-parotid duct

Question 21

Parotid duct:

Answer 21

-takes a short cut across the masseter muscle in dog
-opens in vestibule caudal to 4th upper premolar tooth

Question 22

Mandibular salivary gland:

Answer 22

-mixed, but mostly mucous
-ovoid-shaped in dogs
>opens close to frenulum at sublingual caruncle
-has a fibrous capsule around it
-looks like a golf ball

Question 23

Sublingual salivary gland:

Answer 23

-in some species
-has 2 parts
1. Monostomatic part
2. Polystomatic part

Question 24

Monostomatic part of sublingual gland:

Answer 24

-one compact gland with one excretory duct
-close to mandibular gland

Question 25

Monostomatic duct:

Answer 25

-travels with that of mandibular
-also open at sublingual caruncle

Question 26

Polystomatic part of sublingual gland:

Answer 26

-diffuse glands with numerous small ducts
-open directly under the tongue
*horses only have polystomatic

Question 27

Zygomatic salivary gland:

Answer 27

-modified enlarged dorsal buccal gland
-covered by zygomatic arch

Question 28

Zygomatic duct:

Answer 28

-opens behind that of parotid (4th premolar or 1st molar)
*termed zygomatic only in carnivores

Question 29

Salivary glands in ox:

Answer 29

-larger in herbivores
-cattle produce 100-200 L of salvia daily
-lymph nodes associated with some of the salivary glands
>important in meat inspection of head

Question 30

Extensive buccal glands in ox:

Answer 30

-rather diffuse
-have numerous openings into vestibule

Question 31

Comparative aspects of parotid:

Answer 31

-dog: triangular, large in others (especially pigs)
-all: begins from base of ear

Question 32

Comparative aspects of parotid duct:

Answer 32

-dogs: travels across masseter
-others: follows the ventral border of masseter

Question 33

Comparative aspects of mandibular:

Answer 33

-very large in cattle and horse
-partially covered by parotid

Question 34

Comparative aspects of sublingual:

Answer 34

-horse: only polystomatic
-cattle: both are present and overlap (monstomatic continues more rostrally)

Question 35

Comparative aspects of buccal:

Answer 35

-extensive in herbivores (especially in cattle)
-modified as zygomatic in carnivores