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Anatomy 2 Unit 3 > 7 - Development of Great Vessels > Flashcards

7 - Development of Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Development of the Arterial System

A

1st month to 1st breath

Occurring at the same time with
expanding rest of body vessels

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2
Q

Aortic Arches: Arise from the

A

aortic sac

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3
Q

Aortic Arches: Terminate in the

A

right & left dorsal aortae

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4
Q

Aortic Arches: Appear in a

A

cranial to caudal sequence & not all simultaneously

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5
Q

Aortic Arches:

A

Aortic arch arteries, pharyngeal arch arteries and branchial (gill) arch arteries are all synonyms

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6
Q

Note: right & left dorsal aortae fuse into a

A

single vessel from 4th thoracic region to 4th lumbar region

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7
Q

1st arch

A

Regress – maxillary a.

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8
Q

2nd arch

A

Regress – stapedial & hyoid aa.

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9
Q

3rd arch

A

L/R common carotid, internal carotid, & external carotid aa.

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10
Q

4th arch

A

Left: Part of aortic arch

Right: Part of the r. subclavian a.

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11
Q

6th arch

A

Left: L. pulmonary a. & ductus arteriosus

Right: R. pulmonary a.

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12
Q

7th segmental artery

A

Left: L. subclavian a.

Right: Part of r. subclavian a.

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13
Q

Dorsal aorta

A

Left: Descending thoracic aorta

Right: Regress – part of r. subclavian a.

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14
Q

Aortic sac*

A

Left: Part of aortic arch

Right: Brachiocephalic trunk

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15
Q

Note that the arteries arising from the first three pairs of aortic arch arteries are

A

bilateral, whereas vessels derived from arches four and six develop asymmetrically

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16
Q

Also note the aortic sac will form

A

right and left horns which will subsequently form the left/right adult derivatives

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17
Q

Sixth arch is known as the

A

pulmonary arch.

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18
Q

7th segmental artery will form the whole

A

left subclavian artery and part of the right subclavian

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19
Q

Note the aortic sac forms

A

right and left horns which will subsequently form the left/right adult derivatives

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20
Q

Part of right dorsal aorta

A

disappears
Heart moves into thoracic cavity; carotid & brachiocephalic aa. elongate; left subclavian shifts position
Course of recurrent laryngeal nn. becomes different on right and left

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21
Q

Most somatic arteries of trunk develop from

A

intersegmental arteries from dorsal aorta

Develop:
Intercostal aa.
Lumbar aa

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22
Q

Vitelline Artery: Initially are number of

A

paired vessels supplying the yolk sac

Will fuse to form arteries in dorsal mesentery of the gut

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23
Q

Vitelline Artery: Develop into:

A

Celiac a. (trunk)

Superior mesenteric a.

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24
Q

Umbilical Artery: Initially are paired

A

ventral branches off dorsal aorta; course to the placenta

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25
Q

Umbilical Artery: Develop into:

A

Inferior mesenteric a.

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26
Q

Umbilical Artery: During week 4 also forms

A

secondary connection with dorsal aorta

Common iliac a.

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27
Q

Umbilical Artery: After birth, proximal portions persist as

A

internal iliac & superior vesical aa.

Distal parts are obliterated to form the median umbilical ligaments

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28
Q

Intersegmental arteries

derivatvies

A

Intercostal arteries

Lumbar arteries

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29
Q

Vitelline arteries

derivatvies

A

Celiac trunk

Superior mesenteric artery

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30
Q

Umbilical arteries

derivatvies

A

Inferior mesenteric artery
Common iliac artery
Proximal portion - Internal iliac artery & superior vesical artery
Distal portion – Medial umbilical ligaments

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31
Q

Umbilical arteries

derivatvies

A

Inferior mesenteric artery
Common iliac artery
Proximal portion - Internal iliac artery & superior vesical artery
Distal portion – Medial umbilical ligaments

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32
Q

Great vessels derived from

A

Derived from epicardium

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33
Q

Connection to the aorta is formed by

A

ingrowth of arterial endothelial cells

This is how the coronary aa. “invade” the aorta

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34
Q

Embryonic Venous System: 3 pairs of

A

major veins

All three systems are initially bilaterally symmetrical and converge on the right and left sinus horns of the sinus venosus. However, the shift of the systemic venous return to the right atrium initiates a remodeling that reshapes these systems to yield the adult patterns.

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35
Q

Embryonic Venous System: Vitelline veins

A

Drains GI tract & gut derivatives

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36
Q

Embryonic Venous System: Umbilical veins

A

Oxygenated blood from placenta to embryo

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37
Q

Embryonic Venous SystemCardinal veins

A

Draining head, neck, & body wall

38
Q

Before entering sinus venosus, Vitelline veins forms

A

plexus around duodenum & pass through septum transversum

39
Q

Liver cords growing into the septum interrupt the course & form

A

hepatic sinusoids

40
Q

The network around the duodenum will form a

A

single vessel, the hepatic portal vein

41
Q

These veins (vitelline veins) arise from

A

capillary plexuses of yolk sac & forms part of vasculature of gut & derivatives

Initially drain into sinus horns of sinus venosus

42
Q

A reduction in the l. sinus horn results in:

A

Rechanneling of blood from l. side of liver toward the right

Enlargement of r. vitelline duct

43
Q

Enlargement of r. vitelline duct

Will form

A

part of the inferior vena cava

44
Q

The superior mesenteric vein is also derived from the

A

r. vitelline vein

45
Q

Right-left anastomoses remodeled to drain into the

A

portal vein

This is the splenic vein & inferior mesenteric vein

46
Q

A single oblique channel among the hepatic anastomoses becomes

A

dominant and drains directly into the inferior cava. This is the ductus venosus which we will look at when we describe the umbilical vein derivatives

47
Q

Persisting branches collect blood from the

A

abdominal foregut and the midgut.

48
Q

Prominent left-to-right vitelline anastomoses are remodeled to deliver blood to the

A

distal end of the portal vein through two veins: the splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein.

49
Q

R. umbilical vein will

A

regress and obliterate

50
Q

L. umbilical vein will lose connection to

A

sinus horn & form ductus venosus

51
Q

Bypasses the sinusoidal plexus of the

A

liver

Drains blood directly into the inferior vena cava

52
Q

In contrast to the vitelline veins, in which the left regresses and the right persists, during the second month the right umbilical vein becomes

A

completely obliterated and the left umbilical vein persists

53
Q

Ductus venosus is crucial during fetal life because it receives

A

oxygenated blood from the umbilical system and shunts it directly to the right vitelline vein and, hence, the right atrium

54
Q

Left umbilical v. will become

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

55
Q

Ductus venosus becomes

A

ligamentum venosum

56
Q

This cardinal system is initially

A

bilaterally symmetrical

57
Q

Anterior cardinal veins

A

Drain cephalic part of embryo

58
Q

Posterior cardinal veins

A

Drain rest of embryo

59
Q

Common cardinal veins

A

Ant. & post. cardinals join to form

Empty into sinus horns

60
Q

Subcardinal veins & supracardinal veins will form to

A

supplement & later replace post. cardinal vv.

61
Q

Posterior cardinal veins

Major Derviatives

A

Common iliac veins

Sacral portion of IVC

62
Q

Major Derviatives

Anterior cardinal veins

A

Brachiocephalic veins
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein

63
Q

Major Derviatives

Supracardinal veins

A

Intercostal veins
Hemiazygos vein
Azygos vein
Segment of IVC inferior to kidneys

64
Q

Major Derviatives

Subcardinal veins

A

Renal veins
Gonadal veins
Renal segment of IVC

65
Q

Major Derviatives

Common cardinal veins

A

Superior vena cava (from right common cardinal)

66
Q

Fate of Posterior Cardinal Veins: Become obliterated over

A

most of their length

67
Q

Fate of Posterior Cardinal Veins: Most caudal portions (including a large median anastomosis) persist & form a

A

new anastomosis with the supracardinals

68
Q

Fate of Posterior Cardinal Veins: Caudal remnant develops into the

A

common iliac veins and the sacral portion of the IVC

69
Q

The common iliac veins sprout the

A

internal and external iliac veins

70
Q

Fate of Anterior Cardinal Veins: Cranial portions give rise to:

A

Internal jugular veins

71
Q

Fate of Anterior Cardinal Veins: Capillary plexuses in the face become connected with

A

these vessels to form the external jugular veins

72
Q

Fate of Anterior Cardinal Veins: Forms:

A

Brachiocephalic veins

73
Q

Fate of Anterior Cardinal Veins: Superior vena cava is formed by

A

r. common cardinal & proximal portion of r. ant. cardinal

74
Q

Anastomosis between the ant. cardinal vv. will develop into the

A

left brachiocephalic vein

75
Q

Fate of Supracardinal Veins: Abdominal portions:

Inf. portion of l. supracardinal

A

obliterates

76
Q

Fate of Supracardinal Veins: Abdominal portions:

R. supracardinal & subcardinal anastomose to form a

A

segment of the IVC just inf. to the kidneys

77
Q

Thoracic portions:

Fate of Supracardinal Veins

A

Intercostal veins
L. thoracic supracardinal
Remaining portion of the inf. r. supracardinal drains into the heart.

78
Q

Thoracic portions:
Fate of Supracardinal Veins:
L. thoracic supracardinal =

A

hemiazygos vein

Drains into the r.supracardinal system.

79
Q

Thoracic portions:
Fate of Supracardinal Veins
Remaining portion of the inf. r. supracardinal drains into the

A

heart.

80
Q

Fate of Supracardinal Veins take over the function of

A

posterior cardinals

81
Q

Fate of Subcardinal Veins: Reorganization between the two subcardinals

A

Numerous median anastomoses & some lateral anastomoses

Forms the renal veins & gonadal veins

82
Q

Fate of Subcardinal Veins: Longitudinal segments of the left subcardinal

A

regress

83
Q

Fate of Subcardinal Veins: Right subcardinal loses its connection with the posterior cardinal vein and develops an

A

anastomosis with a segment of the right vitelline vein (inf. to heart)

84
Q

Fate of Subcardinal Veins: Forms the portion of the

A

renal segment of IVC

85
Q

Fate of Subcardinal Veins: Through the remodeling process blood from the organs originally drained by the right and left subcardinal veins now returns to the

A

right atrium via the IVC.

86
Q

Development of Lymphatic System: 6 primary lymph sacs:

A

Jugular (2)
Iliac (2)
Retroperitoneal (1)
Cisterna chyli (1)

87
Q

Lymphatic vessels will connect to the

A

sac & pass along main veins

88
Q

Sacs coalescing and segmenting – similar processes that we have seen with all of the

A

vascular developmental processes.

89
Q

Right and left thoracic ducts initially connect the

A

jugular sacs with the cisterna chyli.

Anastomosis forms between these channels

90
Q

Thoracic duct = caudal right lymphatic duct + anastomosis of

A

left and right cranial thoracic ducts

91
Q

Right lymphatic duct =

A

cranial portion of the right thoracic duct

Anatomy 2 Unit 3 (14 decks)

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