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Anatomy 2 Unit 3 > 4- Ear > Flashcards

4- Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Ear Dual functions;

A 
Maintain the balance of the body (vestibular)
Perceives sound (Auditory)
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2
Q

Ear 3 divisions

A

3 divisions:
External
Middle
Internal

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3
Q

External ear:

A

The most superficial portion of the ear, the external ear includes the auricle, the external acoustic meatus, and the tympanic membrane
Helps to gather sound and direct it to the tympanic membrane

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4
Q

Tympanic cavity –

middle ear

A

air space within temporal bone (~ 10 x 10 x 6 mm)
Serves as relay center for sound waves
2 continuous regions

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5
Q

Tympanic cavity proper =

middle ear

A

medial to tympanic membrane

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6
Q

MIddle ear

Epitympanic recess* =

A

superior to tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Auditory tube & Aditus

A

Superiorly the epitympanic recess is continuous with the aditus of the mastoid antrum

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8
Q

Middle Ear Cavity: relationships: Anteriorly – leads to

A

auditory (Eustachian) tube

continues to nasopharynx

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9
Q

Middle Ear Cavity: relationships: Posteriorly – leads to

A

aditus ad antrum

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10
Q

Middle Ear Cavity: relationships: Epitympanic recess =

A

superior to tympanic membrane

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11
Q

Middle Ear Cavity: relationships: Serves as relay center for

A

sound waves between external & internal ear

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12
Q

Auditory tube

A

Anterior 2/3: cartilaginous & Posterior 1/3: bony (osseous)
~36 mm long
Cartilaginous & bony portions meet at narrow isthmus

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13
Q

Bony portion of auditory tube opens

A

at base of skull

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14
Q

Auditory tube

Only

A

superior & Medial walls cartilaginous

Inferior & Lateral walls membranous

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15
Q

Middle Ear: Jugular wall (floor): Formed by thin plate of

A

tympanic portion of the temporal bone

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16
Q

Middle Ear: Jugular wall (floor): Separates the middle ear cavity from

A

the jugular fossa

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17
Q

Middle Ear: Jugular wall (floor): Fossa contains the

A

superior jugular bulb of the IJV

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18
Q

Promontory =

A

protuberance facing tympanic membrane

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19
Q

Fenestra vestibuli =

A

oval window – receives base of stapes

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20
Q

Fenestra Cochlea =

A

round window – membrane covered, inferior to oval

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21
Q

Middle ear tympanic cavity

A

Facial canal prominence

Lateral semicircular canal prominence

Tendon of the tensor tympani m.

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22
Q

Middle Ear: Carotid wall (Ant.): Formed by

A

thin plate of tympanic portion of the temporal bone

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23
Q

Middle Ear: Carotid wall (Ant.): Separates the middle ear cavity from the

A

carotid canal

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24
Q

Middle Ear: Carotid wall (Ant.): 2 openings present in the

A

superior aspect
Auditory tube
Semicanal for tensor tympani m.

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25
Q

MIddle ear mastoid wall: Pyramidal Eminence =

A

hollow projection of bone

Serves as origin of stapedius m.

26
Q

MIddle ear mastoid wall: Aditus ad antrum =

A

entrance to tympanic antrum

Leads to post./infr. into mastoid air cells

27
Q

Middle Ear: Muscles

A

Tensor tympani m.

Stapedius m.

28
Q

Middle Ear: Muscles: Act to reduce

A

oscillations of ossicles

29
Q

Middle Ear: Muscles: Protects inner ear from

A

injury during loud noises

30
Q

Tensor tympani m.

A

Contained in bony semicanal
Superior to auditory tube
Runs posterior thru canal & then bends laterally
Inserts onto handle of malleus
Tenses tympanic membrane by drawing it medially
Innervated by CN V3

31
Q

Stapedius m.

A 
Smallest striated m. in body
~ 1 mm 
Arises from cavity inside pyramidal eminence
Inserts into neck of stapes
Pulls head of stapes posteriorly
Innervated by CN VII

Acts to reduce oscillations of ossicles
Protects inner ear from injury during loud noises

32
Q

Middle Ear: Vessels: Arterial supply via tympanic branches of

A

carotid branches

Anterior tympanic, inferior tympanic, superior tympanic, stylomastoid, & caroticotympanic aa.

33
Q

Middle Ear: Vessels: Venous drainage via accompanying

A

vv.
Drain to superior petrosal sinus or
Pterygoid plexus of vv.

34
Q

All tympanic brs. are too

A

tiny to dissect

35
Q

Middle Ear: Facial nerve (CN VII) & Facial canal:

CN VII enters

A

facial canal & runs posteriorly

36
Q

Middle Ear: Facial nerve (CN VII) & Facial canal: Travels in

A

medial wall of middle ear

37
Q

Middle Ear: Facial nerve (CN VII) & Facial canal: Canal passes over

A

oval window & turns inferiorly

Then passes behind the round window

38
Q

Middle Ear: Facial nerve (CN VII) & Facial canal: Canal Continues inferiorly to exit at the

A

stylomastoid foramen

39
Q

Chorda tympani

A

Ascends anteriorly thru middle ear cavity
Crosses medial surface of tympanic membrane
Passes between handle of malleus & incus
Exits cavity thru anterior iter chordae to petrotympanic fissure
Ultimately descends with Lingual n. into oral cavity

40
Q

Middle Ear: Greater Petrosal N.: Br. off

A

geniculate ganglion of CN VII

41
Q

Middle Ear: Greater Petrosal N.: Carries p-symp. fibers to

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

42
Q

Middle Ear: Greater Petrosal N.: Joins deep petrosal n. (symp.) to form

A

n. of pterygoid canal

43
Q

Middle Ear: Greater Petrosal N.: Runs from hiatus of greater petrosal n. to

A

pterygoid canal

From petrous temporal toward foramen lacerum

44
Q

Middle Ear: Tympanic Plexus of nn.: Covers promontory in

A

middle ear cavity

45
Q

Middle Ear: Tympanic Plexus of nn.: Runs under mucosal lining of

A

cavity and supplies it

46
Q

Middle Ear: Tympanic Plexus of nn.: Supplies

A

mastoid air cells and auditory tube

47
Q

Middle Ear: Tympanic Plexus of nn.: Formed by tympanic br. of

A

CN IX (p-symp.)

48
Q

Middle Ear: Tympanic Plexus of nn.: Formed by

A

cartoticotympanic nn. (symp.)

49
Q

Middle Ear: Lesser Petrosal N.: Br. of

A

tympanic plexus from CN IX

50
Q

Middle Ear: Lesser Petrosal N.: Continuation of

A

tympanic br. of CN IX

51
Q

Middle Ear: Lesser Petrosal N.: Carries p-symp. fibers to

A

otic ganglion (supplies parotid gl.)

52
Q

Middle Ear: Lesser Petrosal N.: Runs from hiatus of

A

lesser petrosal n. to foramen ovale

Otic ganglion located below foramen ovale (medially)

53
Q

Otic ganglion supplies

A

p-symp. fibers to the parotid gland

54
Q

Internal Ear duel functions

A 
Maintain the balance of the body (vestibular)
Perceives sound (Auditory)
55
Q

Internal Ear: Fluid-filled chamber for

A

hearing & equilibrium

56
Q

Internal Ear: Semicircular canals –

A

controls balance & position

57
Q

Internal Ear: Cochlea – controls

A

hearing

58
Q

Internal Ear: Oval window – beginning of

A

cochlea (receives stapes)

59
Q

Internal Ear: Round window – end of

A

cochlea (closed by membrane)

Vibrates opposite oval window to perceive sound

60
Q

Round window vibrates opposite the

A

oval window to perceive sound

Anatomy 2 Unit 3 (14 decks)

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