Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Exam 2 > 7: Chemotherapy > Flashcards

7: Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

insertion

A

add one or more base pairs

recombination, phage insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deletion

A

loss of one or more base pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

rearrangement

A 
flip regions of DNA
translocation
genes on fringes are affected
Chonic Myelogenous Leukemia
BCR, ABL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gleevec

A

silver bullet anticancer drug

specific target which is only found in cancer cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hedgehog

A

controls left/right polarity in people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ames test

A

determine if a compound is carcinogenic

fail the ames test, cause cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

performing Ames test

A

get salmonella histadine auxotrophic mutant… it has to be supplemented w/ histadine (the regular doesn’t)

  • can’t make histadine bc of single nucleotide polymorphism
  • look for change BACK to ability to make histadine (due to a mutation caused by the compound)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What compounds Ames test is good at finding

A

compounds that covalently change DNA or modify specificity the DN A polymerae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What compounds Ames test is NOT good at finding

A

identifying carcinogens that are toxic AFTER modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antibiotics

A

kill bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

antivirals

A

INHIBIT (not kill) viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

antiprotozoan, antihelminthic drugs

A

kill eukaryotic parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cancer drugs

A

gleevec

most go after specific function of th cancer… lots of side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Keys to chemotherapy

A

kill the pathogen, not the host

exploit differences between the two (ribosomes, peptidoglycan/cell walls, chitin(fungus))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

penicillin

A

1928… Fleming

large use starting in 1940

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sulfa Drugs

A

Domagk
testing antimicrobial properties of synthetic chems
was part of a dye
inhibits steptococcal infections

17
Q

kirby bauer table

A 
measure zone of clearance DIAMETER 
compare diameter of resistance of organism to determine clinical effectiveness
limited by soluble of compound 
clinically sensitive
clinically intermediate
clinically resistant
18
Q

smaller diameter kirby bauer…

A

need higher conc of chemical to kill bacteria
can you deliver that conc of chemical to target in body? determine sensitivity/resistivity this way
don’t kill the host

19
Q

E Test (Epsilometer)

A

bacteria on strip not disc
measure number where the zones of clearance intersect
this is the conc of drug that will INHIBIT growth
MIC

20
Q

MIC

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

lowest conc of drug that will inhibit bacterial growth

21
Q

Broth Dilution Test

A

incubate bact. in different concs of drug in broth

MLC

22
Q

MLC

A

minimum lethal concentration

min amount of bact. to kill

23
Q

broth dilution data

A

the conc in the well RIGHT BEFORE growth is the MIC

if growth in all wells, completely resistant
if growth in no wells, completely sensitive

24
Q

limitations of broth dilution, kirby, and E test

the human body

A

target conc… where is pathogen and how much do we need to add to pill to get the right conc to the right target?

intracellular pathogens

topical vs. internal

some places of body hard to deliver drugs to (blood brain barrier)

25
Q

side effects of chemotherapy

A

add lots of antibiotics, kill lots of bacteria, let yeast grow… THRUSH (yeast infection)

C. diff in hispitals

change to digestive tract flora

LPS release–inflamation, endotoxin

26
Q

LPS release as a side effect of chemotherapy

A

very inflammatory molecule
released when gram neg bact dies
inflammation over whole body
sepsis… gram neg bact in bloodstream, give antibiotics, kill and then release all the LPS… shock…. you die

27
Q

bacteriocidal

A

kill

28
Q

bacteriostatic

A

stops growth
let immune system do clean up
gentler

29
Q

broad vs. narrow spectrum

A

know exactly what causes something? Use narrow, may have less side effects
broad kills a lot of bacteria, use if we don’t know whats causing disease

30
Q

psedomonads

A

subset of gram neg
very hard to kill
immunocompromised people
resistant to many antibiotics

31
Q

penicillin

A

inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

Micro Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions