Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro Exam 2 > 5: Killing Bacteria > Flashcards

5: Killing Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Fecal matter

A

80% bacteria

mostly gram positives anaerobesf found in intestine (most not disease causing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

colon bacteria

A

uncultureable outside of human gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

firmicutes and bacteriodetes

A

2 main groups of bacteria in fecal matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Germ free mice…

A

no bacteria in gut
hard to gain weight
lose lots of fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gut bacteria are good

A

provide vitamins and nutrients
do some metabolism
increase surface area of gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fecal matter: what do we smell?

A

bacterial byproducts

negative association because eating it can kill us/make us sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Waste treatment

A

remove–>isolate–>sediment–>purify

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chlorine treatment of water

A

kills most bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

waste water treatment limitations

A

does not remove chemicals
like prozac, progesterone, antibiotics in water

no limitations on how much of these can be in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the further you are from a water system…

A

the more chemicals that aren’t broken down there are in your water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

look at slide 4

A

look at slide 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ways to kill bacteria

A

oxidation/reduction
membrane disruption
protein folding disruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sepsis

A

microbial contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asepsis

A

absence of significant contamination

aseptic surgery techniques to prevent microbial contamination of wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sanitization

A

lower microbial counts on eating utensils/in water to drink again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biocide/germicide

A

KILLs microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteriostaisis

A

inhibiting, not killing microbes

used in food prep to prevent foods from growing bacteria w/o removing the bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sterilization

A

removing ALL microbial life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

commercial steriliztion

A

killing C. botlulinim endospires… think restaurant cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disinfection

A

Removing pathogens
bleach
can also kill us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

antisepsis

A

removing pathogens from LIVING tissues (don’t harm living tissue)

iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

disinfection vs. antisepsis

A

a choice… do we kill the host in order to kill all the bacteria?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Oxidation/Reduction

A

can mutate DNA

prevent/alter action of enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Membrane Disruption

A

loss of proton motive force

loss of integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Protein folding disruption

A

temp and some chem change lowest nrg state of protein

causes misfolding or unfolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Physical control of microbes

A

moist heat

dry heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

moist heat

A

autoclaving
common for food
high temp WITH moisture

28
Q

how moist heat works

A

high temp disrupts breaks hydrogen bonds in proteins

cool back down: proteins refold in a non-functioning way

think eggs… denaturation and rearrangement of proteins

29
Q

autoclave

A

121C for 30 minutes
steam under a great among of pressure
moist heat
used by hospitals, dentists, good tattoo parlors, labs, disposal of bio waste

30
Q

autoclave is used to

A

STERILIZE things

will kill things that grow at room temperature

31
Q

why use pressure in an autoclave

A

to keep liquids from boiling so we can sterlize them

32
Q

Dry Heat

A

stimulates oxidation rxn
no moisture
covalent change… IRREVERSIBLE

oxygen overcomes potential nrg needed to react with chemicals.
heat allows it to stay spontaneous

33
Q

where is human fecal matter

A

all over bodies… we’re constantly leaking

important to clean underwear

34
Q

underwear

A

front line to controlling fecal bacteria

we don’t actually clean them well

35
Q

examples of dry heat

A

burnt toast
bunsen burner
oven (cooks food by dry heat)

36
Q

dry vs. moist heat

A

moist: proteins come back together

dry heat: irreversible

37
Q

burtn toast

A

oxygen reacted with carbon molecs

produced CO2 and carbon compounds that are the black burnt part

38
Q

dry heat and underwear?

A

ineffective

39
Q

Pasteurization

A

71C for 15 sec
heat very briefly: don’t change it, just enough proteins are denatured (not all)

only kill PATHOGENIC bacteria
pathogen free, not sterile

40
Q

autoclaving underwear

A

better than burning… stays the same but is sterilized

41
Q

Examples of pasteurization

A

milk
beer
canned foods…heat long enough to kill spores to prevent spoilage

42
Q

Napolean

A

won at life because he could can food and take it with him and it didn’t spoil

43
Q

Pastureizing… what do we kill

A

we kill pathogenic bacteria and denaturizes SOME proteins

44
Q

Filter Sterilization

A

non lethal removal of microbes
size exclusion…
pore size smaller than microbe

45
Q

HEPA

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter

huge filter than purrifies air

fume hoods
idea behind vacuums that remove microbes from air…eh

46
Q

pastuerizing underwear

A

what we do if we wash in hot water and then dry… but not the most effective

47
Q

filtering and underwear

A

not effective

48
Q

advantages of filters

A

allows low temp removal of bacteria and viruses

keep proteins/enzymes functioning

MGD… cold filtered bevrages… doesn’t change taste

49
Q

how filtering works

A

pass liquid through filter with holes smaller than your microbe

50
Q

cons of filtering

A

viruses and clamydia are usually small enough to get through

51
Q

Desiccation

A

remove all water
prevents microbial growth but does NOT kill
freeze drying food… good for preservation

52
Q

downsides to desiccation

A

many spores are resistant to it
some viruses are very resistant to it

does not kill bacteria in any way… just inhibits

53
Q

Dessication and underwear

A

we also do this… dryer (dessication) to drawer (storage)

54
Q

when and why is dessication useful?

A

preserving things (freeze drying)

55
Q

Radiation

A

electromagnetic nrg
ionizing radiation
non-ionizing radiation

56
Q

ionizing radiation

A

Gamma Rays
X rays
high nrg electrons

short wavelenght, high nrg

57
Q

non-ionizing radiation

A

UV light
sponge in the sun

shortish wavelengths, highish nrg

58
Q

microwaves

A

heat water molecules

photons excite water molecules

long wavelenght, low nrg

59
Q

radiation depends on wavelength

A

wide spectrum

long wavelength: lower nrg

60
Q

radiowaves

A

don’t kill anything

long wavelenght, lowest nrg

61
Q

Infrared…

A

can kill bacteria… but not the best at it

62
Q

UV light

A

causes damage to DNA

63
Q

X-rays and Gamma Rays

A

do most of the sterilization
high nrg waves

as rays go through cell… they cause oxygen to react with protein and DNA of cell
protein becomes inactive
DNA is mutated

64
Q

Underwear in the sun

A

leave it out for a long time inside out… really good way to sterilize

(used to do with clothes lines)

65
Q

What is the best way to prevent foodborne illnesses

A

irradiation

kills EVERYTHING and still tastes the same

but no one will buy that food because people think its bad

(its not bad… it doesnt make the food radioactive)

66
Q

irradiation

A

expose the thing to electormagnetic waves

place food near radioactive thing, doesnt make food radioactive, just kills all the microbes

microwaving

Micro Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions