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Micro Exam 2 > 3: Microbial Growth II > Flashcards

3: Microbial Growth II Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Haemophilus Inflenzae

A

DOES NOT cause flu
Does cause:
- pneumonia, bacteremia (bacteria reproduces in blood: TSS), meningitis, otitis media (not fatal)

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2
Q

Haemophilus Inflenzae vaccine

A

protects against type B (Hib)… most virulent

works against the strucutre of the capsule

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3
Q

John’s Hopkins sad story

A

head of the hospital made a vacciene… which didn’t work

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4
Q

what is the fridge temp

A

4C

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5
Q

Why 4C?

A

highest density of water at this temperature

we want to keep things cold but not freeze. So we want water to be dense… if freezing happens it only happens on top

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6
Q

Are there bacteria that can spoil food at 4C?

A

YES! But not a ton. and growth is slow

but mostly fungus

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7
Q

Freezers:

A

-20C and thawing over night

thawing lets growth happen for half an hour, then refreezes

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8
Q

Why do humans die when we freeze them?

A

ice crystals… cells burst

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9
Q

Pasteurizatin

A

go above 60C: denaturation and of breakdown lipid membranes.
Go from medium zone to denaturation then quickly back down

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10
Q

The colorful pool

A

Each color is a different ecosystem of bacteria at a different temperature

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11
Q

Thermoaquaticus

A

TAC (for PCR)

useful in labs

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12
Q

Ocean vents

A

at the mid-Atlantic ridge where plates are moving apart.
no light… nrg taken from high energy of electrons coming out of vent

likely earliest life on earth

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13
Q

2 miles under the ice

A

liquid water that is bellow 0C.

lots of bateria

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14
Q

The main point…

A

if there is water, there can be life!

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15
Q

life needs one thing above all else

A

LIQUID WATER

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16
Q

pH requirements… most life

A

between 6.5 and 7.5

in our bodies

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17
Q

Why use high and low pH?

A

for long term storage

Prevention (not elimination) of growth

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18
Q

What is most affacted by changes in temperature and pH?

DNA, RNA, or enzymes

A

enzymes! Think proteins
the amino acid sequence doesn’t change, just the organization

DNA and RNA are very stable

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19
Q

Can life survive in anhydrous places?

A

NO! theres no water, and life can’t function without water

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20
Q

making pickles and sauerkraut

A

using bacterial acid production to preserve food

products of fermentation

done before refridgeration was a thing

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21
Q

Acidophiles

A

some live at pH of 4
chemoautrotrophs live at pH of 1
mud pools: very acidic soil. also near copper mines

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22
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

use sulfer reduction to generate nrg

pH of 1

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23
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Salt to preserve food
inside cells salt conc: 1% or 1g/100ml
NaCl and KCl

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24
Q

plasmolyzed

Study These Flashcards
A

when a cell is collapsed bc of lack of water inside (hypertonic solution)

25
if a cell is in hypertonic solution
it is NOT dead, just static/inert
26
what else can be used to make a hypertonic solution?
SUGAR
27
Does a spoonful of sugar help the medicine go down?
NO! it prevents the antibiotic from getting into bacteria
28
cheese
acids from bacteria make milk proteins curdle | addition of salt makes it resistant to microbial growth (does not inhibit fungal growth)
29
why cheese flavors are different?
its about culturing different types of bacteria in milk
30
creamy cheeses
due to fungus enzymes modifying proteins
31
Chemical requirements of bacterial life
``` Trace elements organic compounds carbon Nitrogen, sulfer phosphorus Oxygen ```
32
Trace elements
minerals: Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn iron: cytochromes in ETC... life evolved in solution w/ lots of irron and copper: not so much now. We have to put lots of nrg into keeping them around. iron conc in body low: inhibits survival of many bact. Get trace minerals from SEA SALT
33
Organic compounds
vitamins | we can't produce them: have to consume them to survive
34
oxygen:
is in water and disolveable in atmosphere | some don't need it the same way we do
35
Carbon
lots of different main types... some have genes to break down more tyepes than others... USE THIS for pure cultures
36
Cellulose vs. Starch
animals can't break the bond of cellulse | - cows and termites have the right ecosystem to have beacteria that do. WE DO NOT
37
How do humans break down starch then?
amylase in mouth
38
Nitrogen
in the air... none of that is useable by humans ability to break down nitrogen bond on earth in general is super rare Needed by all life
39
Nitrogen cycle
bacteria in soil can deal with nitrogen: make gas useable | we have enzymes that can deal with some of the byproducts of oxidized or reduced nirgrogen.
40
Vovox...
the babies live in the mother | only mother can fix nitrogen
41
the secrete of dynamite
no oxygen required | mix high and low level nitrogen... BOOM
42
Sulfer
some amino acids need it: Cysteine and methionine Needed by all life
43
phosphorus
part of nucleic acid back boes Needed in ATP Needed by all life
44
Arsenate Experiment
aresinic is similar to phosphorus... can it replace it? We need at least 1% phosphorus... but 99% can be replaced functionally DNA could pretty much still reproduce without it can't COMPLETELY replace it
45
5 groups of oxygen
``` Obligate Aerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes Aerotolerant anaerobes Microaerophiles ```
46
2 things to know about nitrogen
it is fixed by soil bacteria | nitrogen is required by all life
47
Obligate Aerobes
NO fermentation REQUIRES oxygen to survive can deal with ox radicals grow on skin... all over body
48
Facultative anaerobes
uses oxygen to produce lts of nrg CAN ferment. can survive w/o oxygen can deal with ox radicals us, lots of places of body... pretty much everywhere
49
Obligate anaerobes
ONLY grow in ABSENCE of oxygen... bc of radicals cannot deal with ox radicals grow in gut
50
Aerotolerant anaerobes
doesn't care about oxygen. DOESN'T use it, CAN live with it CAN deal with oxygen radicals grow all over body
51
Microaerophiles
requires LOW concs of oxygen grows in lungs CANNOT deal with radicals grow in lungs, vaginal cavity, carries (cavities)
52
compare facultative anaerobes and aerotolerant
FA: Aerotolerant:
53
PLEASE look at table on slide 24
PLEASE look at table on slide 24
54
how do we culture bacteria ... Pure culture
create situation where only the requirements of the organism of interest are met
55
non-selective media
undifined in character... lots grow but not all rich: BHI, LB blood agar, chocolate agar
56
selective media
only a few can grow | MAC with bile salts and selects for enteric bacteria (e. coli)
57
Broths
liquid media
58
Plates
semi-solid liquid

Micro Exam 2 (8 decks)

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