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Histology > 7-CARTILAGE > Flashcards

7-CARTILAGE Flashcards

1
Q

o smooth-surfaced and resilient, providing a shock-absorbing and sliding area for joints and facilitates bone movements
o Essential for the development and prenatal and postnatal growth of long bones
o flexible and avascular
o nutrient is acquired through diffusion from adjacent tissue or from capillaries of the neighboring tissue

A

CARTILAGE

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2
Q

CARTILAGE Consists of:

A

Chondrocytes
Extensive ECM

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3
Q

Principal macromolecules present in all types of cartilage ECM:

A

o Collagen
o hyaluronic acid
o proteoglycans
o small amounts of several glycoproteins

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4
Q

ECM is synthesize and secreted by

A

chondrocytes

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5
Q

chondrocytes are located in matrix cavities called

A

LACUNAE

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6
Q

provides nutrients to the cartilage

A

PERICHONDRIUM

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7
Q

Firm gel-like consistency of cartilage depends on:

A

electrostatic bonds
binding of water

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8
Q

the most common form of cartilage

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE,

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9
Q

HYALINE CARTILAGE principal collagen type

A

type II collagen

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10
Q

more pliable and distensible type of cartilage

A

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

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11
Q

o ELASTIC CARTILAGE,

in addition to collagen type II, possess abundance of

A

elastic fibers

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12
Q

present in regions of the body subjected to pulling forces

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

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13
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE characterized by a matrix containing a dense network of

A

coarse type I collagen fibers

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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage examples of localization

A

cartilages in nose
articular cartilage of a joint
costal cartilage
meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint)
Respiratory tract cartilages in the lungs, trachea and larynx

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15
Q

Fibrocartilage examples of localization

A

pubic symphysis
insertion of tendons
triangular fibrocartilage complex (wrist joint)
cartilage of intervertebral disc
articular discs (sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints)
menisci (knee joint)

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16
Q

Elastic cartilage examples of localization

A

Epiglottis
Pinna of external ear
acoustic meatus
auditory (Eustachian) tube
cartilages of larynx (epiglottis, corniculate, cuneiform cartilages)

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17
Q

is a sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage in most places

A

perichondrium

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18
Q

All three forms of cartilage are

A

avascular

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19
Q

harbors the vascular supply for the avascular cartilage and also contains nerves and lymphatic vessels

A

perichondrium

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20
Q

covers the surfaces of the bones in movable joints

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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21
Q

devoid of perichondrium

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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22
Q

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE is sustained by the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the

A

synovial fluid

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23
Q

o precursors of the bone that develops through endochondral ossification
o bluish white and usually translucent
o glassy translucent appearance

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

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24
Q

HYALINE CARTILAGE Located in:

A

o articular surfaces of the movable joints
o walls of larger respiratory passages
o ventral ends of ribs
o epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

In routine histology preparations, the collagen is indiscernible for two reasons:

A
  • collagen is in the form of fibrils which have submicroscopic dimensions
  • refractive index of the fibrils is almost the same as that of the surrounding substances
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26
Q

hyaline cartilage o contains primarily

A

type II collagen

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27
Q

help anchor chondrocytes in the matrix

A

multiadhesive glycoprotein-

28
Q

what are the multiadhesive glycoproteins in cartilage

A

anchorin II, fibronectin, tenascin

29
Q

proteoglycans in cartilage contain:

A
  • CHONDROITIN 4-SULFATE
  • CHONDROITIN 6-SULFATE
  • KERATAN SULFATE
30
Q

proteoglycans resemble

A

bottle brushes

31
Q

parts of proteoglycans

A

stem
bristles

32
Q

bristles of proteoglycans are made of

A

radiating GAG chains

33
Q

stem of proteoglycans are made of

A

protein core

34
Q

proteoglycan monomer:

A

AGRECAN

35
Q

many proteoglycans attached to hyaluronic acid

A

proteoglycan aggregates

36
Q

macromolecule that binds specifically to GAGs, collagen type II and integrins, mediating the adherence of chondrocytes to the ECM

A

CHONDRONECTIN-

37
Q

cells of cartilage

A

Chondrocytes

38
Q

chondrocytes respire under

A

low oxygen tension

39
Q

Synthesis of sulfated GAGs is accelerated by

A

GROWTH HORMONE, THYROXINE, AND TESTOSTERONE

40
Q

Synthesis of sulfated GAGs is slowed by

A

by CORTISONE, HYDROCORTISONE, AND ESTRADIOL

41
Q

Cartilage growth depends mainly on the pituitary- derived growth hormone:

A

SOMATOTROPIN

42
Q

SOMATOTROPIN
- promotes the endocrine release in the liver of

A

insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), somatomedin

43
Q

are round chondrocytes and appear in groups of up to eight cells originating from mitotic divisions of a single

A

ISOGENOUS AGGREGATES

44
Q

layer of dense connective tissue that covers all hyaline cartilage except the articular cartilage of joints

A

Perichondrium

45
Q

Perichondrium consists largely of __________ s and contains numerous _______—

A

collagen type I fiber

fibroblasts

46
Q

ELASTIC CARTILAGE color

A

yellowish

47
Q

ELASTIC CARTILAGE Contains

A

collagen type II fibrils

48
Q

ECM of what cartilage does not calcify?

A

elastic cartilage

49
Q

ELASTIC CARTILAGE are found in?

A

o auricle of the ear
o walls of the external auditory canals
o auditory (eustachian) tubes
o epiglottis
o cuneiform cartilage in the larynx

50
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE components:

A

combination of hyalin cartilage + dense connective tissue

51
Q

FIBROCARTILAGE chondrocyte formation

A

singly or in isogenous aggregates,
usually arranged axially,
in long rows separated by coarse collagen type I fibers

52
Q

Fibrocartilage are Found in:

A

o intervertebral disks
o In attachments of certain ligaments
o in the pubic symphysis

53
Q

o Intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage
o two major histological components of each disk:

A

PERIPHERAL ANNULUS FIBROSUS
CENTRAL NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

54
Q

histological components of Intervertebral disks that is rich in bundles of type I collagen

A

PERIPHERAL ANNULUS FIBROSUS

55
Q

histological components of Intervertebral disks that has a gel-like matrix rich in hyaluronic acid

A

CENTRAL NUCLEUS PULPOSUS

56
Q

presence of perichondrium in HC, EC, and FC

A

HC- YES (except for articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate)

EC- YES
FC- NO

57
Q

calcification of HC, EC, and FC

A

HC- YES
EC- NO
FC- YES

58
Q

main cell type in HC, EC, and FC

A

HC- CHONDROBLASTS AND CHONDROCYTES
EC- CHONDROBLASTS AND CHONDROCYTES
FC- CHONDROCYTES AND FIBROBLASTS

59
Q

characteristic features of ECM in HC, EC, and FC

A

HC- TYPE II COLLAGEN AND FIBRILS AND AGGRECAN

EC- TYPE II COLLAGEN, FIBRILS, ELASTIC FIBERS, AGGRECAN

FC- TYPE I AND II COLLAGEN FIBERS AND VERSICAN

60
Q

Hyaline cartilage calcification example

A

endochondral bone formation, during aging process

61
Q

Fibrocartilage calcification example

A

calcification of fibrocartilaginous calus during bone repair

62
Q

the most important proteoglycan

A

aggrecan

63
Q

a proteoglycan secreted by fibroblasts

A

versican

64
Q

All cartilage derives from the embryonic mesenchyme in the process of

A

chondrogenesis

65
Q

resulting from the mitotic division of preexisting chondrocytes
- occurs in the epiphyseal plates of long bones and within articular cartilage
- important in increasing the length of long bone

A

INTERSTITIAL GROWTH

66
Q

resulting from the differentiation of perichondrial cells
- more important postnatally
- During postnatal (childbirth), the appositional growth is more important than the interstitial growth.

A

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

Histology (15 decks)

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