7- Adolescent Brain Development Flashcards
Why do different brain regions develop at different rates?
To allow the individual to respond flexibly to changing environments and challenges
When does breathing develop?
In utero
When does movement develop?
Infancy
When does cognitive control, flexible learning, and social cognition develop?
In adolescence
What happens to grey matter in adolescence?
Decreases as synapses are being pruned
What principle is synaptic pruning based on and what does it produce?
Use it or lose it principle, produces more efficient and fine-tuned circuits
What happens to white matter in adolescence?
Increases and axons become increasingly ensheathed to make signalling faster and more reliable
What has fMRI-based neurofeedback been used for? (2 points)
Up and down regulation of emotional responses in adults
Interventions to affect emotional regulation networks
How has neurofeedback been used in clinical populations? (3 populations)
Patients with- chronic pain/depression/Parkinson’s
What can neurofeedback shape?
The set-up processes of important brain networks
What 2 things does excellent spatial and temporal resolution allow?
- We can target brain regions relevant at each developmental stage
- We can look at plasticity before and after adolescence
What was studied in a feasibility study?
The anterior insula
Who was studied in a feasibility study?
A pre-clinical sample of 17 children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years
How was the anterior insula studied?
fMRI-based neurofeedback responsiveness by a localiser task to activate emotion regulation networks
