1- Methods in Developmental Research Flashcards

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1
Q

What differences does developmental psychology have to consider?

A

Age of the child

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways accuracy in developmental research is looked at?

A

Reliability (test-retest, inter observer) and validity (content, external)

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3
Q

What are the 3 developmental research methods?

A

Observational, experimental, correlational

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of developmental research designs?

A

Case study, longitudinal, cross-sectional, twin studies

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4
Q

What is a case study?

A

Examines a single participant in depth

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5
Q

Advantage of case studies

A

Provide detailed info

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6
Q

2 disadvantages of case studies

A

Not generalisable
Produce subjective data

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7
Q

What is a longitudinal study?

A

Measures behaviours in same participant at different ages

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8
Q

Advantage of longitudinal studies

A

Estimates changes/stability over time and impact of early experiences on later behaviour

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9
Q

Disadvantage of longitudinal studies

A

Biased sampling and practical effects and attrition

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10
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

Measures behaviours in different participants at same time point

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11
Q

Advantage of cross-sectional studies

A

Quick to collect data

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12
Q

Disadvantage of cross-sectional studies

A

Development is only at group level and there are cohort effects

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13
Q

When are twin studies useful?

A

In studying nature vs nurture

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14
Q

What are DZ twins?

A

Regular fraternal twins

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15
Q

What are MZ twins?

A

Identical twins that have the same DNA as each other

16
Q

What 4 types of observation are there?

A

Naturalistic
Structured
Descriptive
Systematic

17
Q

What does experimentation do?

A

Aims to show causal relationships between IV and DV, tests hypotheses

18
Q

Where are experiments conducted?

A

In lab/naturalistic settings

19
Q

What does correlational research do?

A

Describes relationship between one aspect of development and another

20
Q

How is correlational direction and strength expressed?

A

As a correlation coefficient

21
Q

Advantage of correlational research

A

Relatively simple

22
Q

Disadvantage of correlational research

A

Cannot ascertain causality

23
Q

Research question for Gibson’s virtual cliff experiment

A

Why do infants look to adults in novel situations?

24
Q

Method of Gibson’s virtual cliff experiment

A

4 groups of children were asked to cross a virtual cliff

25
Q

4 groups in Gibson’s virtual cliff experiment

A

Saw face plus voice- comfort
Only heard voice- comfort
Talk to adult- non-comfort
No cues- non-comfort

26
Q

Results of Gibson’s virtual cliff experiment

A

More exclusions in ‘information only’ compared to ‘comfort’ conditions

27
Q

Conclusions of Gibson’s virtual cliff experiment

A

Infants look to adults in novel situations for comfort, not info

28
Q

What 4 ethical procedures should developmental research comply with?

A

Non harmful procedures
Informed consent
Anonymity/confidentiality
Measures for unforeseen circumstances