7. Achievement ~Motivation Flashcards
Achievement Motivation
The tendency to approach or avoid competitive situations . Summed up as the drive to succeed minus the fear of failure
What 2 personality types did Atkinson suggest ?
- Approach behaviour: approaches competition with enthusiasm e.g asks to take the penalty (NACH)
- Avoidance behaviour: tries to avoid the competition e.g. at the back of group for penalties (NAF)
What does NACH stand for ?
need to achieve
What does NAF stand for ?
need to avoid failure
NACH characteristics
- welcomes competition
- take risks
- welcomes feedback and evaluation
- very confident
- task persistent - try harder after failure.
- Attribute success internally - tell themselves the reason they won was because of them.
- Base their actions on trying to seek pride and satisfaction from their performance
NAF characteristics
- give up easily
- they do not like feedback or evaluation
- take the easy option
- lack confidence
- avoid 50/50 challenges
What determines NACH or NAF ?
- the level of achievement motivation shown depends on the interaction of personality and situation
- the need to achieve or avoid failure are situation-specific
Factors In personality which determine NACH or NAF
- need to achieve or approach failure
- introvert or extrovert
- confidence
- innate or developed
- aggression/arousal/anxiety
Factors in situation which determine NACH or NAF
- probability of success: easy or hard
- incentive value: high or low incentive
- familiar or unfamiliar environment
- high risk = high reward
Interaction
The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation
Probability of success
High chance leads to high motivation , low chance then people give up , lack motivation
Incentive value
Reward gained from the task , high value reward leads to high motivation , low value rewards then people give up , lack motivation
How to develop the need to achieve (NACH) ?
- attribute success internally (tell player success is due to them)
- use reinforcement (coach can offer praise and rewards, this maintains and increases motivation)
- set realistic and achievable goals (to achieve satisfaction and motivation)
- improve confidence (self-efficacy)
- allow success (improves motivation and confidence)
Achievement goal theory
Motivation and task persistence depend on the type of goals set and how they measure success
Task related goal part of achievement goal theory
- measure the process of success against the performers own standards
- regardless of the result , success can be achieved and confidence maintained
Outcome related goal part of achievement goal theory
- doesn’t matter how the result is achieved as long as the goal is achieved
- if the performer succeeds pride and satisfaction are maintained
- if they fail confidence and motivation can be lowered
