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funmed > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

whats normal BP

A

120 80 (16/10.7 kPq)

more than 140 is systolic marginal HT (lifestyle)
more than 160 is definite intervention threshold (drugs)

more than 90 is diastolic marginal HT (lifestyle)
more than 100 is definite intervention threshold (drugs)

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2
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

S-D

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3
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

D plus 1/3 PP

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4
Q

whats the windkessel effect

A

the idea that arteries are elastic and so will distend as BP increases and will do elastic recoil when BP drops

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5
Q

whats classified prehypertension

A

120-139
or
80-89

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6
Q

stats about ppl w HyperT

A

30% of ppl who have it don’t know they do
40% of people who know they have it are not being treated
67% of those who are beingg treated don’t have it under control

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7
Q

whats Ohm’s law

A

ohm ferme pour rat

flow= Pressure/resistance

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8
Q

whats poseuilles law

A

the flow of a liquid though a tub will depend on the fourth power of the radius of the tube
so if you double radius, flow will increase by 2^4 so 16 times

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9
Q

what are the formula for CO

A

CO=Pressure/resistance but you cant measure resistance so
CO= HR x SV

measure HR with ECG measure SV using doppler

CO= cross section area of aorta x velocity of blood

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10
Q

how can you measure SV

A

doppler ultradoung
measures blood velocity through first part of aorta
measures cross section area of aorta.
non invasive good.

trasnoehsophagyl doppler
measures blood velocity through descending aorta
infers cross section area of aorta from nanogram using pt age and gender
go with probe inside trachea.

transthoraci impedance cardiogram
measures changes in electrical activity in thorax to infer SV using electrodes on thorax
unsure of accuracy

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11
Q

Normal CO value

A

5L/min

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12
Q

normal cross section area of aorta

A

10cm2

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13
Q

normal velocity

A

500cm per minute

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14
Q

what does preload affect

A

SV

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15
Q

how much can CO increase during exercise

A

about 4 times to reach 19L/min
HR can increase 2.5
SV can increase 1.5

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16
Q

what percentage of flow goes to kidney brain and heart

A

25%
14%
4%

17
Q

what does resistance of capillaries depend on

A

hematocrit

diameter of capillary

18
Q

normal hematocrits value

A

45%

19
Q

hematocrits pathologies and values

A

between 60-70% is polycytheamia.
absolute if the cause is high number of RBC
relative is the cause if the drop in plasma.

20
Q

capillary diameter

A

5 um

21
Q

RBC diameter

A

up to 7 um

22
Q

what prevents clots from forming in capillaries

A

when blood flow moves along it brushes against protein chains that protrude to the lumen. this action cauese the release of Ca inside the endothelium and NO formation. NO acts as a local antigcoahulatn

23
Q

who’s more at risk for a stroke and why

A

ppl w atrial fibrillation bc of stagnant blood in auricles,

24
Q

what is the end consequence of polycythemia

A

organ failure

25
Q

what is laplace law.

A

the pressure that a tube can withstand depends on the tension on the walls and the diameter of the tube.

26
Q

how come capillaries can withstand great pressure

A

bc their diameter is small

Pcan be withstood= tension on the walls/diameter

27
Q

whats the most common site for an aneurysm

A

thoracic aorta
cerebral arteries because convoluted and twisted.
just before points where blood vessels branch out
1-8% inscidence.
atheromas cause turbulent flow which increases BP so increased risk
atheroma also cause local inflammation which causes weakening of walks

28
Q

how can aneurysm be identified

A

incidentally during MRI
because of subarachnoid hemoorgahe
bc of symptoms

29
Q

how are aneurysms managed

A

clipping it if its near the sruface

inserting a metal coil via carotid artery to stabilize it.

30
Q

where can eddies and vortices occur

A

at branch points

funmed (18 decks)

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