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Question 1

How many bones form the axial skeleton

Answer 1

80

Question 2

how many bones form the appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

126

Question 3

Main function of axial skeleton

Answer 3

support and protection

Question 4

main function of appendicular skeleton

Answer 4

locomotion

Question 5

How do muscle move bones?

Answer 5

By acting on joints

Question 6

from which structure of the skull does the spinal cord exit from

Answer 6

Foramen magnum

Question 7

from which structure of the skull does the carotid artery exit from

Answer 7

carotid canal

Question 8

what rib numbers are the true rubs

Answer 8

1-7

They connect directly to the sternum

Question 9

what rib numbers are the false rubs

Answer 9

8-10

connect indirectly to the sternum via common cartilage linkage

Question 10

what rib numbers are the floating rubs

Answer 10

11-12

They do not connect to the sternum

Question 11

What is there sternum made up of

Answer 11

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 12

Clavicle covers which rib

Answer 12

1

Question 13

clinically impt rib because it can be palpated

Answer 13

rib 2

Question 14

how many vertebrae do we have

Answer 14

24 movable vertebrae

Question 15

what is the structure where the motor neurones fit from and the sensory nerves enter from

Answer 15

Intervertebral foramen

Question 16

What are facet joints

Answer 16

plane joints between the articular processes of two adjacent vertebrae

Question 17

What makes up the pectoral girdle

Answer 17

sternum, clavicle, scapula

Question 18

What makes up the pelvic girdle

Answer 18

pelvis and sacrum

Question 19

What kind of bone is the patella

Answer 19

sesamoid bone. its the biggest one.

Question 20

What are the types of joints that exist and how are they differentiated?

Answer 20

Differentiated based on the presence or abscence of a synovial (joint) cavity.

WITH synovial (joint) cavity:
Caviated joints = synovial joints

WITHOUT synovial (joint) cavity:
Solid joints.
either: fibrous joints or cartilaginous joints.

Question 21

What is the main type of joint found in the axial skeleton? give an example with a location

Answer 21

Solid joints

coronal suture on the skull is a fibrous joint.

Question 22

What is the main type of joint found in the appendicular skeleton? give an example with a location

Answer 22

Caviated joints (gliding joint between clavicle and manubrium

Question 23

What are the two types of fascia that exist?

Answer 23

–Superficial fascia
•Loose connective tissue and fat
•Subcutaneous layer

–Deep fascia
•Tough dense fibrous membrane that encircles compartments within the body – particularly in the limbs
•Attaches to ridges on limb bones – periosteum
•Deep fascia = investing fascia
–Essentially avascular
–Innervated so can sense pain, movement, pressure, temperature, chemical environment (ions, pH etc)

Question 24

What are the functions of the fascia

Answer 24

1.Groups muscles with similar functions that also share the same neuro-vascular supply
–Compartments

2.Help stabilise joints aiding the ligaments around joints
–Iliotibial tract a thicker band of fascia helps stabilise the hip and knee joint
–Varies in thickness to give strength and over some joints it is thickened to direct and protect tendons

3.Relatively unyielding fascia limits the outward expansion of the contracting muscles
–Force of muscle contraction directed towards the skeleton
–Deep veins compressed so blood is pumped upwards against gravity
–Helped by valves within veins so flow is only in one direction