7&8 - Breast Cancer Flashcards
lifetime risk of breast cancer in US
1/8
risk factors for breast CA
higher estrogen exposure (early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, etc) fat intake moderate or higher alcohol consumption family hx BRCA radiation (lots)
exercise is protective
2 primary signs of breast CA on mammogram
microcalcifications (cluster of ~5+)
stellate mass
prevalence of ER positivity in breast CA
2/3 in post menopausal
1/3 in pre menopausal
prognostic factors for breast CA, and which is most important
axillary node involvement **most important
tumor size
ER/progesterone receptor positivity - better prog
HER-2NEU gene - bad
path - tubular, medullary, colloid = better
differentiation
MC type of breast CA pathology
infiltrating ductal cancer
presentation of paget’s dz breast CA
eczematous changes of nipple w/ bleeding and “weeping” nipple. palpable mass under nipple in 2/3
presentation of inflammatory breast CA
skin edema, “peau d’orange”, erythema, warmth, induration
very poor prognosis
where does breast CA metastasize to?
bone, liver, lungs, abdomen, brain, skin
tumor marker for metastatic breast CA
CA15-3
how is breast CA staged (general)
TNM system
cornerstone tx modality for breast cancer
surgery
role of radiation in breast CA
used to lower recurrence rate after surgery / help eliminate residual disease
main 2 hormonal agents used in breast CA tx
tamoxifen and aromatase inhibs
order of tx modalities used in breast CA (generally)
surg > rad > hormonal > chemo (most dont get to this point unless ER neg)
