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Biology > 7-8 > Flashcards

7-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

A

Genetics

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2
Q

The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA

A

Genetic factors

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3
Q

Those “nonbiological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings
such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices

A

Environmental factors

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4
Q

The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God

A

Spiritual factors

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5
Q

A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait

A

Gene

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6
Q

The RNA that performs transcription

A

Messenger RNA

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7
Q

A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA

A

Anticodon

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8
Q

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid

A

Codon

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9
Q

DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell

A

Chromosome

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10
Q

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

A

Mitosis

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11
Q

The time interval between cellular reproduction

A

Interphase

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12
Q

The region that joins two sister chromatids

A

Centromere

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13
Q

A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

A

Mother cell

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14
Q

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are
arranged according to their homologous pairs

A

Karyotype

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15
Q

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs

A

Diploid cell

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16
Q

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair

A

Haploid cell

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17
Q

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

A

Diploid number (2n)

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18
Q

The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell

A

Haploid number (n)

19
Q

The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

A

Meiosis

20
Q

Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

A

Gametes

21
Q

A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics:

(1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat.
(2) It cannot reproduce on its own.

A

Virus

22
Q

Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents

A

Antibodies

23
Q

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body’s production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen

A

Vaccine

24
Q

If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic.

A

True breeding

25
Q

One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes

A

Allele

26
Q

Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait

A

Genotype

27
Q

The observable expression of an organism’s genes

A

Phenotype

28
Q

A genotype in which both alleles are identical

A

Homozygous genotype

29
Q

A genotype with two different alleles

A

Heterozygous genotype

30
Q

An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype

A

Dominant allele

31
Q

An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele

A

Recessive allele

32
Q

A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations

A

Pedigree

33
Q

A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait

A

Monohybrid cross

34
Q

A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits

A

Dihybrid cross

35
Q

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual

A

Autosomes

36
Q

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

A

Sex chromosomes

37
Q

A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

A

Antigen

38
Q

Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome

A

Autosomal inheritance

39
Q

A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder

A

Genetic disease carrier

40
Q

Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex-linked inheritance

41
Q

A radical chemical change in one or more alleles

A

Mutation

42
Q

A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis

A

Change in chromosome structure

43
Q

A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete

A

Change in chromosome number

Biology (6 decks)

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