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Biology > 012 Test Modules 5-6 > Flashcards

012 Test Modules 5-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space

A

Matter

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2
Q

An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen

A

Model

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3
Q

A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

A

Element

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4
Q

Chemicals that result from atoms linking together

A

Molecules

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5
Q

A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance

A

Physical change

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6
Q

A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance

A

Chemical change

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7
Q

One of three forms - solid, liquid, or gas - which every substance is capable of attaining

A

Phase

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8
Q

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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9
Q

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

A

Concentration

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10
Q

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through

A

Semipermeable membrane

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11
Q

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

A

Catalyst

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13
Q

A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous

A

Organic molecule

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14
Q

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

A

Biosynthesis

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15
Q

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

A

Isomers

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16
Q

Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharides

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17
Q

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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18
Q

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

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19
Q

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

A

Dehydration reaction

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20
Q

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

A

Hydrolysis

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21
Q

Lacking any affinity to water

A

Hydrophobic

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22
Q

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

A

Saturated fat

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23
Q

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

A

Unsaturated fat

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24
Q

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein

A

Peptide bond

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25
Q

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules

A

Hydrogen bond

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26
Q

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

A

Absorption

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27
Q

The breakdown of absorbed substances

A

Digestion

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28
Q

The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy

A

Respiration

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29
Q

The removal of soluble waste materials

A

Excretion

30
Q

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials

A

Egestion

31
Q

The release of biosynthesized substances

A

Secretion

32
Q

Maintaining the status quo

A

Homeostasis

33
Q

Producing more cells

A

Reproduction

34
Q

The study of cells

A

Cytology

35
Q

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells

A

Cell wall

36
Q

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

A

Middle lamella

37
Q

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings

A

Plasma membrane

38
Q

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

A

Cytoplasm

39
Q

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons

A

Ions

40
Q

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s contents

A

Cytoplasmic streaming

41
Q

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids

A

Lysosome

43
Q

Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

44
Q

An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

A

Rough ER

46
Q

ER that has no ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

47
Q

The organelles in which proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell

A

Golgi bodies

48
Q

Organelles that store starches or oils

A

Leucoplasts

49
Q

Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis

A

Chromoplasts

50
Q

A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

A

Central vacuole

51
Q

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion

A

Waste vacuoles

52
Q

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

A

Phagocytosis

53
Q

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs

A

Phagocytic vacuole

54
Q

Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules

A

Pinocytic vesicle

55
Q

Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released

A

Secretion vesicle

56
Q

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

A

Microtubules

57
Q

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear membrane

58
Q

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

A

Chromatin

59
Q

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

A

Cytoskeleton

60
Q

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

61
Q

Threadlike proteins in the cell’s cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments

A

Intermediate filaments

62
Q

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group

A

Phospholipid

63
Q

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion

A

Passive transport

64
Q

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy

A

Active transport

65
Q

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell that resides in the solution

A

Isotonic solution

66
Q

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

A

Hypertonic solution

67
Q

Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water

A

Plasmolysis

68
Q

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

A

Cytolysis

69
Q

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell which resides in the solution

A

Hypotonic solution

70
Q

Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going

A

Activation energy

Biology (6 decks)

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