04 Test Modules 1-2

Question 1

The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

Organisms that eat only plants

Answer 4

Herbivores

Question 5

Organisms that eat only organisms other than plants

Answer 5

Carnivores

Question 6

Organisms that eat both plants and other organisms

Answer 6

Omnivores

Question 7

Organisms that produce their own food

Answer 7

Producers

Question 8

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food

Answer 8

Consumers

Question 9

Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms

Answer 9

Decomposers

Question 10

Organisms that are able to make their own food

Answer 10

Autotrophs

Question 11

Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food

Answer 11

Heterotrophs

Question 12

Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment

Answer 12

Receptors

Question 13

Reproduction accomplished by a single organism

Answer 13

Asexual reproduction

Question 14

Reproduction that requires two organisms

Answer 14

Sexual reproduction

Question 15

The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring

Answer 15

Inheritance

Question 16

An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents

Answer 16

Mutation

Question 17

An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question

Answer 17

Hypothesis

Question 18

A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data

Answer 18

Theory

Question 19

A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data

Answer 19

Scientific law

Question 20

Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

Answer 20

Microorganisms

Question 21

The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions

Answer 21

Abiogenesis

Question 22

A cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cell

Question 23

A cell with distinct, membrane-bounded organelles

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cell

Question 24

A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units

Answer 24

Species

Question 25

The science of classifying organisms

Answer 25

Taxonomy

Question 26

Naming an organism with its genus and species name

Answer 26

Binomial nomenclature

Question 27

An organism that causes disease

Answer 27

Pathogen

Question 28

An organism that feeds on dead matter

Answer 28

Saprophyte

Question 29

An organism that feeds on a living host

Answer 29

Parasite

Question 30

An organism that requires oxygen

Answer 30

Aerobic organism

Question 31

An organism that does not require oxygen

Answer 31

Anaerobic organism

Question 32

A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born

Answer 32

Steady state

Question 33

Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population

Answer 33

Exponential growth

Question 34

Population growth that is controlled by limited resources

Answer 34

Logistic growth

Question 35

A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer

Answer 35

Conjugation

Question 36

A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code

Answer 36

Plasmid

Question 37

The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell

Answer 37

Transformation

Question 38

The process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another

Answer 38

Transduction

Question 39

The DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers

Answer 39

Endospore

Question 40

Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits

Answer 40

Strains

Question 41

The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks

Answer 41

Catabolism