7 Flashcards
A differential count refers to:
Different types of WBCs
How many times a minute does an average heart beat?
60-80 bpm
Which of the following veins is most commonly used for venipuncture?
Median cubital
The liquid portion of blood and lymph is called:
plasma
Basophils and neutrophils are:
granulocytes
Which of the following is another name for leukocytes?
WBCs
Which of the following is another name for erythrocytes?
RBCs
Leukemia is a condition in which:
WBCs are overproduced and do not function correctly
Which of the following is another name for thrombocytes?
Platelets
Hemophilia is an inherited condition in which:
Clotting factors do not work properly
An aneurysm is a condition in which:
there is a weakened area of the blood vessel wall
Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a:
low platelet count
Polycythemia is a condition in which there is a:
high RBC count
Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is a:
high WBC count
A high cholesterol level is associated with which condition?
atherosclerosis
Increased glucose levels are associated with which condition?
Diabetes
Low electrolytes (sodium, potassium) are associated with which condition?
diarrhea
Increased creatinine levels are associated with which condition?
nephritis
When a blood vessel is atherosclerotic and is completely blocked, it is ________.
occluded
The opposite of hemostasis is ________.
hemorrhage
What substance in RBCs is responsible for oxygen transport?
hemoglobin
For a blood transfusion to be successful, the donor and recipient’s blood types must be ________.
compatible
Vinegar is an example of a(n) ________ (basic or acidic) substance.
acidic
Which of the following is a microcollection system?
BMP LeukoChek
Which of the following is true about HIV testing?
An HIV POC test uses a drop of blood on a USB stick to check for HIV.
What is detected by measuring troponin T?
heart damage
Which of the following terms is synonymous with POCT?
near-patient testing
Most rapid methods for glucose testing require:
skin puncture blood
Which of the following refers to the term hematocrit?
PCV, crit
Which of the following is released from the pancreas and has a major effect on blood glucose levels?
insulin
Interpretation of a quality control chart is based on the fact that for a normal distribution:
99% of the values are within 3 SD of the mean
Na+, Cl—, HCO3—, and K+ are usually referred to as:
electrolytes
All POCT analyzers require:
gloves
The blood pH determines whether the blood:
is too acidic or too alkaline
The Cholestech LDX system measures:
total cholesterol
The Cholestech LDX system measures:
total cholesterol
Which of the following is referred to as “bad cholesterol”?
LDL cholesterol
The CoaguChek XS System measures which of the following?
PT/INR
A less than normal number of erythrocytes in a patient is referred to as:
anemia
The HbA1c assay is used to monitor a patient’s:
glycemic control
Which of the following measures a cardiac monitoring analyte?
ROCHE TROPT sensitive rapid assay
___ is the same as packed cell volume.
Hct
High-density lipoprotein is referred to as the “—cholesterol.”
good
——- are fatty acids and glycerol that circulate in the blood.
Triglycerides
________ causes the glucose to be absorbed from the blood into the body tissues.
Insulin
PT stands for ________.
prothrombin time
EMLA, sometimes used for pediatric venipuncture procedures, is a:
topical anesthetic applied to the child’s arm before venipuncture
The best location for performing venipuncture on a hospitalized 7-year-old is:
In a treatment room
Considerations in home care blood collection include:
removing all trash and supplies after the procedure
Which of the following is an emotional factor associated with the aging process?
depression
Extra supplies and equipment are needed by home health care workers who collect specimens from homebound patients that are not necessary for workers in a hospital. These include:
biohazard container for disposables
Which of the following is a complication that can result from deep heelsticks on an infant?
osteomyelitis
After the blood collected from a heelstick is placed on the neonatal screening card, the card must dry in a horizontal position for a minimum of:
4 hours
When a skin puncture is performed on an infant, which of the following specimens is collected first?
hematology specimens
Blood spot testing for neonatal screening disorders should be performed before the newborn is:
72 hrs
Which of the following is an acceptable intervention to alleviate pain during venipuncture on a 5-year-old child?
EMLA
Which is the preferred site for a heelstick?
medial or lateral section of the heel
Which of the following disorders can be detected through neonatal screening?
cystic fibrosis
——- is effective in reducing pain and crying time during a blood collection procedure for an infant.
Sucrose
A physical problem common in elderly individuals is loss of f—–
feeling
For children older than ________ year, a fingerstick is appropriate for blood collection.
1
If an incision for a heelstick goes deeper than ________ mm in a newborn, it can lead to osteomyelitis.
2.0
Blood specimens in newborn screening collections must be dried for ________ hours before mailing.
4
In the hospital, it is best to perform a blood collection procedure on a child in a(n) ________ room.
treatment
For the newborn screening blood collection procedure, only ________ side of the filter paper should be used.
one
List the blood collection equipment needed for newborn screening.
- Pediatric skin-puncture safety device. There are smaller (0.65-0.85mm) for premature neonates & 1.0mm for larger infants.
- alcohol swabs
- gauze
- screening cards
- sharps container
- gloves
- warming packs or warm compress
- pen
- laboratory labels or requisition
Which of the following sites is recommended to collect capillary blood gases on a newborn?
lateral posterior area of the heel
Which of the following is the specimen of choice for testing the pH, pO2, and pCO2 of the blood?
arterial blood
The optimal depth of a fingerstick in a child is:
less than 2.0 mm
Children often fear needles. Saying to the child, “Look at Daddy,” or “Tell the nurse about your doll” are examples of:
distraction
In the triple packaging system for infectious substances being shipped by air, the third layer is:
a rigid secondary container with cushioning
Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but mixed too long or too vigorously?
Hemolysis will occur
Glycolytic action refers to:
breakdown of glucose
Serum should be transported to the laboratory for testing and separated from blood cells within which of the following time periods to prevent erroneous test results?
as soon as possible
Cooling a blood specimen causes:
slowing of metabolic processes
What is the first thing a health-care worker should do when a centrifuge is showing imbalance vibrations or making an unusually loud noise, suggesting that a tube has broken in the centrifuge?
turn the centrifuge off
When do the phlebotomist’s duties end?
When the tests are reported
What is considered confidential patient information?
clinical laboratory results of a patient
Assays that require a chilled specimen include:
gastrin, ammonia, catecholamines, and lactic acid
To chill a blood specimen as it is transported, the health care worker should use:
icy water or commercial ice pack
Specimens that require protection from light include those for:
Billirubin & folate
Specimens that require transport at 37°C include:
cryofibrinogen
cryo….
For specimens that require centrifugation, serum or plasma should be removed from the cells within what period of time?
2 hours
It is preferable to make blood smears from EDTA specimens within what period of time after the specimen is collected?
1 hour
It is preferable for a blood specimen tube to be maintained in a ____position during handling after the venipuncture.
vertical
Sensitivity to light is called ________.
photosensativity
A(n) ________ is a small portion of a blood specimen that is separated for additional testing.
aliquot
Room temperature is 22-25° ________.
Celcius
Refrigeration temperature for specimen storage should be between ________ and 8°C.
2
Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but not mixed long enough?
Tiny clots will form in the specimen.
Which of the following is a new type of transportation for blood samples that is being evaluated?
drones
How long does it usually take for a serum specimen (without additives) to form a clot?
30-60 mins
Most laboratories require blood specimens to be transported in a(n) ________ plastic biohazard bag.
leakproof
Prior to performing a venipuncture, why is it important to get information about whether or not the patient has eaten recently?
Laboratory tests can be affected by the ingestion of food and drink.
Which of the following helps with needle phobia?
show compassion
If a patient is obese, what special equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
a large blood pressure cuff
When a patient has “difficult” veins, which strategy can be used to improve the likelihood of a successful puncture?
Use ultrasound for vein mapping.
If arm veins cannot be used for a venipuncture, the preferred alternative veins are found in the:
dorsal side of the hand or wrist
During a typical venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at what angle to the skin?
30 degrees or less
During the venipuncture procedure, what should the phlebotomist do after the needle is inserted and blood begins to flow?
Release the tourniquet.
If a patient is frail and has a tendency to faint, what equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?
a recliner
One reason for hematoma formation during venipuncture is that the:
Needle is partially inserted in the vein
How many more times should a phlebotomist try to perform a venipuncture on a patient if he has failed once already?
once
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hematology tests?
EDTA
Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis tests?
sodium citrate (light blue)
To avoid specimen hemolysis, the phlebotomist should:
cleanse the site with alcohol and allow the site to air dry
HIV, HBV, and HCV are ____- ____ pathogens.
blood-borne
All hospitalized patients should have a(n) ________ identification number.
unique
Every blood specimen should be treated as if it were hazardous and ________.
infectious
Phlebotomists should monitor the patient closely during venipuncture because some patients may feel ________, nauseous, or queasy.
faint
After a venipuncture procedure, activation of the ________ device will prevent accidental needlesticks.
safety
Describe four strategies for reducing the incidence of iatrogenic anemia.
Monitoring of the volume of blood collected in volunerable patients is important to prevent iatrogenic anemia. The vulnerable are pediatric & critical patients. The recommendation by CLSI is to limit it to 1%-5% of total blood volume in 24 hrs. or 10% in an 8 week period. This can be helped by reducing duplicate test orders, log of frequency & volume of blood collected, batching lab orders, monitoring how many times the patient is poked at a time & in a day, monitoring blood discarded via IV lines, & coordination of tests as well as drug monitoring.
