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Phlebotomy > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

A differential count refers to:

A

Different types of WBCs

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2
Q

How many times a minute does an average heart beat?

A

60-80 bpm

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3
Q

Which of the following veins is most commonly used for venipuncture?

A

Median cubital

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4
Q

The liquid portion of blood and lymph is called:

A

plasma

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5
Q

Basophils and neutrophils are:

A

granulocytes

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6
Q

Which of the following is another name for leukocytes?

A

WBCs

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7
Q

Which of the following is another name for erythrocytes?

A

RBCs

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8
Q

Leukemia is a condition in which:

A

WBCs are overproduced and do not function correctly

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9
Q

Which of the following is another name for thrombocytes?

A

Platelets

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10
Q

Hemophilia is an inherited condition in which:

A

Clotting factors do not work properly

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11
Q

An aneurysm is a condition in which:

A

there is a weakened area of the blood vessel wall

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is a:

A

low platelet count

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13
Q

Polycythemia is a condition in which there is a:

A

high RBC count

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14
Q

Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is a:

A

high WBC count

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15
Q

A high cholesterol level is associated with which condition?

A

atherosclerosis

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16
Q

Increased glucose levels are associated with which condition?

A

Diabetes

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17
Q

Low electrolytes (sodium, potassium) are associated with which condition?

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

Increased creatinine levels are associated with which condition?

A

nephritis

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19
Q

When a blood vessel is atherosclerotic and is completely blocked, it is ________.

A

occluded

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20
Q

The opposite of hemostasis is ________.

A

hemorrhage

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21
Q

What substance in RBCs is responsible for oxygen transport?

A

hemoglobin

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22
Q

For a blood transfusion to be successful, the donor and recipient’s blood types must be ________.

A

compatible

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23
Q

Vinegar is an example of a(n) ________ (basic or acidic) substance.

A

acidic

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24
Q

Which of the following is a microcollection system?

A

BMP LeukoChek

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25
Q

Which of the following is true about HIV testing?

A

An HIV POC test uses a drop of blood on a USB stick to check for HIV.

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26
Q

What is detected by measuring troponin T?

A

heart damage

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27
Q

Which of the following terms is synonymous with POCT?

A

near-patient testing

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28
Q

Most rapid methods for glucose testing require:

A

skin puncture blood

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29
Q

Which of the following refers to the term hematocrit?

A

PCV, crit

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30
Q

Which of the following is released from the pancreas and has a major effect on blood glucose levels?

A

insulin

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31
Q

Interpretation of a quality control chart is based on the fact that for a normal distribution:

A

99% of the values are within 3 SD of the mean

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32
Q

Na+, Cl—, HCO3—, and K+ are usually referred to as:

A

electrolytes

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33
Q

All POCT analyzers require:

A

gloves

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34
Q

The blood pH determines whether the blood:

A

is too acidic or too alkaline

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35
Q

The Cholestech LDX system measures:

A

total cholesterol

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35
Q

The Cholestech LDX system measures:

A

total cholesterol

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36
Q

Which of the following is referred to as “bad cholesterol”?

A

LDL cholesterol

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37
Q

The CoaguChek XS System measures which of the following?

A

PT/INR

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38
Q

A less than normal number of erythrocytes in a patient is referred to as:

A

anemia

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39
Q

The HbA1c assay is used to monitor a patient’s:

A

glycemic control

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40
Q

Which of the following measures a cardiac monitoring analyte?

A

ROCHE TROPT sensitive rapid assay

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41
Q

___ is the same as packed cell volume.

A

Hct

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42
Q

High-density lipoprotein is referred to as the “—cholesterol.”

A

good

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43
Q

——- are fatty acids and glycerol that circulate in the blood.

A

Triglycerides

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44
Q

________ causes the glucose to be absorbed from the blood into the body tissues.

A

Insulin

45
Q

PT stands for ________.

A

prothrombin time

46
Q

EMLA, sometimes used for pediatric venipuncture procedures, is a:

A

topical anesthetic applied to the child’s arm before venipuncture

47
Q

The best location for performing venipuncture on a hospitalized 7-year-old is:

A

In a treatment room

48
Q

Considerations in home care blood collection include:

A

removing all trash and supplies after the procedure

49
Q

Which of the following is an emotional factor associated with the aging process?

A

depression

50
Q

Extra supplies and equipment are needed by home health care workers who collect specimens from homebound patients that are not necessary for workers in a hospital. These include:

A

biohazard container for disposables

51
Q

Which of the following is a complication that can result from deep heelsticks on an infant?

A

osteomyelitis

52
Q

After the blood collected from a heelstick is placed on the neonatal screening card, the card must dry in a horizontal position for a minimum of:

A

4 hours

53
Q

When a skin puncture is performed on an infant, which of the following specimens is collected first?

A

hematology specimens

54
Q

Blood spot testing for neonatal screening disorders should be performed before the newborn is:

A

72 hrs

55
Q

Which of the following is an acceptable intervention to alleviate pain during venipuncture on a 5-year-old child?

A

EMLA

56
Q

Which is the preferred site for a heelstick?

A

medial or lateral section of the heel

57
Q

Which of the following disorders can be detected through neonatal screening?

A

cystic fibrosis

58
Q

——- is effective in reducing pain and crying time during a blood collection procedure for an infant.

A

Sucrose

59
Q

A physical problem common in elderly individuals is loss of f—–

A

feeling

60
Q

For children older than ________ year, a fingerstick is appropriate for blood collection.

A

1

61
Q

If an incision for a heelstick goes deeper than ________ mm in a newborn, it can lead to osteomyelitis.

A

2.0

62
Q

Blood specimens in newborn screening collections must be dried for ________ hours before mailing.

A

4

63
Q

In the hospital, it is best to perform a blood collection procedure on a child in a(n) ________ room.

A

treatment

64
Q

For the newborn screening blood collection procedure, only ________ side of the filter paper should be used.

A

one

65
Q

List the blood collection equipment needed for newborn screening.

A
  1. Pediatric skin-puncture safety device. There are smaller (0.65-0.85mm) for premature neonates & 1.0mm for larger infants.
  2. alcohol swabs
  3. gauze
  4. screening cards
  5. sharps container
  6. gloves
  7. warming packs or warm compress
  8. pen
  9. laboratory labels or requisition
66
Q

Which of the following sites is recommended to collect capillary blood gases on a newborn?

A

lateral posterior area of the heel

67
Q

Which of the following is the specimen of choice for testing the pH, pO2, and pCO2 of the blood?

A

arterial blood

68
Q

The optimal depth of a fingerstick in a child is:

A

less than 2.0 mm

69
Q

Children often fear needles. Saying to the child, “Look at Daddy,” or “Tell the nurse about your doll” are examples of:

A

distraction

70
Q

In the triple packaging system for infectious substances being shipped by air, the third layer is:

A

a rigid secondary container with cushioning

71
Q

Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but mixed too long or too vigorously?

A

Hemolysis will occur

72
Q

Glycolytic action refers to:

A

breakdown of glucose

73
Q

Serum should be transported to the laboratory for testing and separated from blood cells within which of the following time periods to prevent erroneous test results?

A

as soon as possible

74
Q

Cooling a blood specimen causes:

A

slowing of metabolic processes

75
Q

What is the first thing a health-care worker should do when a centrifuge is showing imbalance vibrations or making an unusually loud noise, suggesting that a tube has broken in the centrifuge?

A

turn the centrifuge off

76
Q

When do the phlebotomist’s duties end?

A

When the tests are reported

77
Q

What is considered confidential patient information?

A

clinical laboratory results of a patient

78
Q

Assays that require a chilled specimen include:

A

gastrin, ammonia, catecholamines, and lactic acid

79
Q

To chill a blood specimen as it is transported, the health care worker should use:

A

icy water or commercial ice pack

80
Q

Specimens that require protection from light include those for:

A

Billirubin & folate

81
Q

Specimens that require transport at 37°C include:

A

cryofibrinogen

cryo….

82
Q

For specimens that require centrifugation, serum or plasma should be removed from the cells within what period of time?

A

2 hours

83
Q

It is preferable to make blood smears from EDTA specimens within what period of time after the specimen is collected?

A

1 hour

84
Q

It is preferable for a blood specimen tube to be maintained in a ____position during handling after the venipuncture.

A

vertical

85
Q

Sensitivity to light is called ________.

A

photosensativity

86
Q

A(n) ________ is a small portion of a blood specimen that is separated for additional testing.

A

aliquot

87
Q

Room temperature is 22-25° ________.

A

Celcius

88
Q

Refrigeration temperature for specimen storage should be between ________ and 8°C.

A

2

89
Q

Which of the following is a possible occurrence if a blood specimen tube for hematology tests is filled correctly but not mixed long enough?

A

Tiny clots will form in the specimen.

90
Q

Which of the following is a new type of transportation for blood samples that is being evaluated?

A

drones

91
Q

How long does it usually take for a serum specimen (without additives) to form a clot?

A

30-60 mins

92
Q

Most laboratories require blood specimens to be transported in a(n) ________ plastic biohazard bag.

A

leakproof

93
Q

Prior to performing a venipuncture, why is it important to get information about whether or not the patient has eaten recently?

A

Laboratory tests can be affected by the ingestion of food and drink.

94
Q

Which of the following helps with needle phobia?

A

show compassion

95
Q

If a patient is obese, what special equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?

A

a large blood pressure cuff

96
Q

When a patient has “difficult” veins, which strategy can be used to improve the likelihood of a successful puncture?

A

Use ultrasound for vein mapping.

97
Q

If arm veins cannot be used for a venipuncture, the preferred alternative veins are found in the:

A

dorsal side of the hand or wrist

98
Q

During a typical venipuncture, the needle should be inserted at what angle to the skin?

A

30 degrees or less

99
Q

During the venipuncture procedure, what should the phlebotomist do after the needle is inserted and blood begins to flow?

A

Release the tourniquet.

100
Q

If a patient is frail and has a tendency to faint, what equipment, if any, would be helpful in the specimen collection process?

A

a recliner

101
Q

One reason for hematoma formation during venipuncture is that the:

A

Needle is partially inserted in the vein

102
Q

How many more times should a phlebotomist try to perform a venipuncture on a patient if he has failed once already?

A

once

103
Q

Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hematology tests?

A

EDTA

104
Q

Which specimen collection tube is commonly used for hemostasis tests?

A

sodium citrate (light blue)

105
Q

To avoid specimen hemolysis, the phlebotomist should:

A

cleanse the site with alcohol and allow the site to air dry

106
Q

HIV, HBV, and HCV are ____- ____ pathogens.

A

blood-borne

107
Q

All hospitalized patients should have a(n) ________ identification number.

A

unique

108
Q

Every blood specimen should be treated as if it were hazardous and ________.

A

infectious

109
Q

Phlebotomists should monitor the patient closely during venipuncture because some patients may feel ________, nauseous, or queasy.

A

faint

110
Q

After a venipuncture procedure, activation of the ________ device will prevent accidental needlesticks.

A

safety

111
Q

Describe four strategies for reducing the incidence of iatrogenic anemia.

A

Monitoring of the volume of blood collected in volunerable patients is important to prevent iatrogenic anemia. The vulnerable are pediatric & critical patients. The recommendation by CLSI is to limit it to 1%-5% of total blood volume in 24 hrs. or 10% in an 8 week period. This can be helped by reducing duplicate test orders, log of frequency & volume of blood collected, batching lab orders, monitoring how many times the patient is poked at a time & in a day, monitoring blood discarded via IV lines, & coordination of tests as well as drug monitoring.

Phlebotomy (9 decks)

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