6B - Acquired Brain Injuries Flashcards
What is an Acquired Brain Injury?
Damage to the brain after birth.
-Sudden or Insidious (prolonged)
-Physical injury, disease, oxygen deprivation, poisoning or brain tumours
Effects from acquired brain injury
Biological
- muscle weakness
-poor balance- headaches
chronic pain
Disturbed sleep
Bladder problems
Psychological effects of ABI
-memory
slowed thinking
Confusion
Reduced concentration
mood- anxiety/depression irritable/motivation
Personality
Social effect of ABI
- Aggression
Impaired social skills
Poor communication
Reduced self esteem
Secondary effects of ABI
-grief
-loss of independence
-financial/employment
identity challenges
-schooling adaption
- higher risk homelessness/crime
rehab
-improve physical function
access to equipment/mobility aids
Home adaptions
Common types of ABI
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) <4, 15-24,> 65, Males
Aphasia
Concussion
Stroke
TBI
Injury from Sudden physical trauma from external force.
Risk factor for: Alzheimer’s, dementia, epilepsy
What happens to the brain in a TBI?
Damage to delicate brain tissues
-bruising
-Swelling
-bleeding
-tearing
-increased pressure
Types of TBI
-Direct impact
- Acceleration-deceleration injury
-Shockwave injury
Aphasia
Acquired language disorder.
-Damage to language processing centers (LEFT HEMISPHERE)
-Impaired understanding and/or production
-Most common cause stroke
Concussion
Mild form of TBI (Often no loss of consciousness)
Brain bounce and accel/decel -small vessel bleeds
Common Vehicle accidents, falls, sporting accidents
symptoms - headache, memory loss, blurred vision, confusion
Repeat concussion
RF for Alzheimer’s and CTE
Stroke
-Interruption to blood supply or bleeding blood vessels leading to death of brain tissues.
Mechanism of injury
Blood clots (embolus)
Gradual closure
severe bleeding
Risk Factors: Men age > 85, High BP, diabetes, diabetes, Alcohol, smoking, excess weight, inactivity
Stoke symptoms
F- face droop
A- arm weakness
S- speech
T- time urgent
