6.4 Bone Anatomy Flashcards
what are the 4 possible shapes of bones?
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
what differentiates a long bone from a short bone?
long bones are longer than wide (femur)
short bones have an approximately equal length and width (carpal)
describe a flat bone?
thin, flat, often curved (skull)
describe an irregular bone shape?
shapes that don’t fit other categories (vertebrae)
what are the 6 major parts of a long bone?
diaphysis (shaft) epiphysis (ends) epiphyseal (growth) plate btwn head/shaft of bone periosteum endosteum medullary cavity
what is the makeup of a diaphysis
compact bone has dense matrix medullary cavidy (marrow, red and yellow)
what is the makeup of the epiphysis?
cancellous or spongy bone covered by compact bone with outer cartilage
marrow “cavity” total of all the spaces in the spongy bone
where does the periosteum exist?
covers all areas of bone except where there is articular cartilage
what are the 2 layers of the periosteum?
outer layer of DFCT, vessels, nerves, perforating (or Sharpey’s fibers)
inner layer of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteochondral progenitor cells
what is the fn of the periosteum?
ligaments and tendons attach through the periosteum
bl vessels and nerves from the periosteum supply the bone
bone growth in diameter
what is the makeup of the endosteum?
single CT layer, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteochondral progenitor cells
where is the endosteum?
lining the wall of the marrow cavity
describe the structure of a flat bone?
no epiphysis/diaphysis
dipole–compact bone outer layer with an inner spongy layer (spongy sandwich)
describe the structure of a short or irregular bone
similar to epiphysis
outside surface compact bone
inner spongy bone
