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Bio 364 Lecture Exam 1 > 19.4 formed elements > Flashcards

19.4 formed elements Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the formed elements of the blood?

A

RBC
WBC
platelets

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2
Q

what are the 2 classifications of leukocytes?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

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3
Q

what is the difference between a granulocyte and an agranulocyte?

A

granulocytes have cytoplasm with large granules and multilobed nuclei
agranulocytes have cytoplasm with small granules and its nuclei are not lobed

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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5
Q

what is the fn of a neutrophil?

A

phagocytize debris

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6
Q

what is the fn of an eosinophil?

A

reduce inflammation

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7
Q

what is the fn of a basophil?

A

histamine and heparin release

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8
Q

what type of leukocyte is responsible for phagocytizing debris?

A

neutrophil

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9
Q

what type of leukocyte is responsible for reducing inflammation?

A

eosinophil

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10
Q

what type of leukocyte is responsible for histamine and heparin release?

A

basophil

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11
Q

what are the 2 types of agranulocytes?

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

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12
Q

what is the fn of a lymphocyte?

A

produce antibodies

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13
Q

what is the fn of a monocyte?

A

phogocytic; exit the blood stream and become macrophages

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14
Q

what type of leukocyte is responsible for production of antibodies?

A

lymphocyte

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15
Q

what type of leukocyte is responsible for becoming macrophages outside the blood stream?

A

monocyte

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16
Q

what is another name for platelet?

A

thrombocyte

17
Q

what is the structure of a platelet?

A

fragment of a cell

18
Q

what is the fn of platelets?

A

form platelet plugs

release chemical necessary for bl clotting

19
Q

how much of the formed elements are made up by erythrocytes?

A

95%

20
Q

describe the structure of an RBC

A

lack nuclei

biconcave disc

21
Q

what is the name for the process of blood cell production?

A

hematopoiesis

hemopoiesis

22
Q

all formed elements derive from

A

hemoblasts

23
Q

what are the components of RBCs

A

1/3 hemoglobin

2/3 lipids, atp, carbonic anhydrase

24
Q

what is the fn of carbonic anhydrase?

A

necessary for gas exchange

25
Q

what type of blood cell lives for 120 days?

A

erythrocytes

26
Q

describe hemoglobin

A

pigmented protein

27
Q

where is O2 in the blood in order to transport it from lungs to tissues?

A
  1. 5% attached to hemoglobin on RBC

1. 5% dissolved in plasma

28
Q

where is CO2 in the blood in order to transport it from tissues to lungs?

A

7% dissolved in plasma
23% in combo with hemoglobin
70% transported as bicarbonate ions

29
Q

how is CO2 changed to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood?

A

CO2 + H2O&raquo_space;carbonic anhydrase enzyme» H2CO3 (carbonic acid)&raquo_space;» H+ + HCO3-

30
Q

describe the structure of hemoglobin

A

4 polypeptide chain (called a globin)

each bound to an Fe containing heme group

31
Q

what is the heme group?

A

the pigmented molecule to which a single O2 can combine

made of Fe and a non Fe part which is turned into bilirubin

32
Q

how many Hgb per RBC?

A

250,000

33
Q

where does CO2 bind on the hemoglobin?

A

on a globin

34
Q

what is erythropoiesis?

A

production of RBC

35
Q

describe the intermediate cells in erythropoiesis

A

hemocytoblast&raquo_space;> proerythroblast&raquo_space;> early erythroblast&raquo_space;> intermediate erythroblast&raquo_space;> late erythroblast&raquo_space;> reticulocyte&raquo_space;> circulating erythrocyte

36
Q

what is erythropoietin?

A

hromone that stimulates RBC production

37
Q

where is erythropoietin produced and why?

A

in kidney in reponse to low SPO2 levels

38
Q

lysosomes from macrophages breakdown

A

hemoglobin into amino acids, iron and bilirubin

39
Q

what happens to bilirubun after it is released from the heme group?

A

it travels through the plasma into the liver where it becomes conjugated
it is then excreted in urine or feces

Bio 364 Lecture Exam 1 (15 decks)

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