19.4 formed elements Flashcards
what are the formed elements of the blood?
RBC
WBC
platelets
what are the 2 classifications of leukocytes?
granulocytes and agranulocytes
what is the difference between a granulocyte and an agranulocyte?
granulocytes have cytoplasm with large granules and multilobed nuclei
agranulocytes have cytoplasm with small granules and its nuclei are not lobed
what are the 3 types of granulocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
what is the fn of a neutrophil?
phagocytize debris
what is the fn of an eosinophil?
reduce inflammation
what is the fn of a basophil?
histamine and heparin release
what type of leukocyte is responsible for phagocytizing debris?
neutrophil
what type of leukocyte is responsible for reducing inflammation?
eosinophil
what type of leukocyte is responsible for histamine and heparin release?
basophil
what are the 2 types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes
monocytes
what is the fn of a lymphocyte?
produce antibodies
what is the fn of a monocyte?
phogocytic; exit the blood stream and become macrophages
what type of leukocyte is responsible for production of antibodies?
lymphocyte
what type of leukocyte is responsible for becoming macrophages outside the blood stream?
monocyte
what is another name for platelet?
thrombocyte
what is the structure of a platelet?
fragment of a cell
what is the fn of platelets?
form platelet plugs
release chemical necessary for bl clotting
how much of the formed elements are made up by erythrocytes?
95%
describe the structure of an RBC
lack nuclei
biconcave disc
what is the name for the process of blood cell production?
hematopoiesis
hemopoiesis
all formed elements derive from
hemoblasts
what are the components of RBCs
1/3 hemoglobin
2/3 lipids, atp, carbonic anhydrase
what is the fn of carbonic anhydrase?
necessary for gas exchange
what type of blood cell lives for 120 days?
erythrocytes
describe hemoglobin
pigmented protein
where is O2 in the blood in order to transport it from lungs to tissues?
- 5% attached to hemoglobin on RBC
1. 5% dissolved in plasma
where is CO2 in the blood in order to transport it from tissues to lungs?
7% dissolved in plasma
23% in combo with hemoglobin
70% transported as bicarbonate ions
how is CO2 changed to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood?
CO2 + H2O»_space;carbonic anhydrase enzyme» H2CO3 (carbonic acid)»_space;» H+ + HCO3-
describe the structure of hemoglobin
4 polypeptide chain (called a globin)
each bound to an Fe containing heme group
what is the heme group?
the pigmented molecule to which a single O2 can combine
made of Fe and a non Fe part which is turned into bilirubin
how many Hgb per RBC?
250,000
where does CO2 bind on the hemoglobin?
on a globin
what is erythropoiesis?
production of RBC
describe the intermediate cells in erythropoiesis
hemocytoblast»_space;> proerythroblast»_space;> early erythroblast»_space;> intermediate erythroblast»_space;> late erythroblast»_space;> reticulocyte»_space;> circulating erythrocyte
what is erythropoietin?
hromone that stimulates RBC production
where is erythropoietin produced and why?
in kidney in reponse to low SPO2 levels
lysosomes from macrophages breakdown
hemoglobin into amino acids, iron and bilirubin
what happens to bilirubun after it is released from the heme group?
it travels through the plasma into the liver where it becomes conjugated
it is then excreted in urine or feces
